10 October 2025, Volume 47 Issue 5

    

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• Research Papers
• Analysis of sea clutter amplitude distribution characteristics of 77 GHz millimeter wave radar

  ZHANG Huaqing, WANG Yunhua, ZHANG Yuting

  2025, 47(5): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.001

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The study of the statistical characteristics of the sea clutter amplitude of the high-resolution millimeter wave radar is of great significance to improve the detection technology of small targets at sea, but there are relatively few studies on this problem. This paper was based on a large number of measured data on the amplitude statistical characteristics of the calm sea surface and the broken sea surface under the action of the 77GHz radar. Firstly, the logarithmic accumulation parameter estimation formula of the classical K distribution model was innovatively derived, and then the commonly used Rayleigh distribution, lognormal distribution, weibull distribution, generalized gamma distribution, K distribution moment estimation, maximum likelihood estimation and logarithmic accumulation method estimation method were analyzed in combination with the measured data, and the best amplitude fitting distribution under different scenarios was discussed. The results showed that the K distribution model of the logarithmic accumulation method estimated by the logarithmic accumulation method under the calm sea surface was optimal, followed by the generalized gamma distribution, the lognormal distribution under the broken sea surface, and the generalized gamma distribution was the best under the broken sea surface.
• Analysis of strong nonlinear wave characteristics in the northern South China Sea based on HOS model

  FU Dianfu, NI Jie, XIE Botao, WANG Zhifeng

  2025, 47(5): 11-18. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.002

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  In this paper, the high-order spectral model HOS was used to simulate the waves in the northern South China Sea. First, the wave model WAVEWATCH III was used to simulate the waves in the target sea area, extracted the two-dimensional wave spectrum of the extreme process, and used it as an open boundary condition to simulate the wave surface time series of 12 typhoons in the northern South China Sea under extreme wave conditions. Through the processing and analysis of the wave surface time series, it was concluded that the waves in the target sea area were strongly nonlinear, and abnormal waves appeared at some measuring points.
• Numerical modeling study of typhoon-induced storm surge and waves in the coastal waters of China

  PENG Erman, LI Jiangxia, YAO Yu

  2025, 47(5): 19-28. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.003

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  It is important to understand the near-shore hydrodynamic processes under the influence of super typhoons to guide the construction of coastal engineering, coastal disaster prevention and mitigation. In this paper, a numerical model based on the FVCOM-SWAVE was established in the China Seas to simulate the offshore hydrodynamic processes under the influence of three super typhoons. The distribution characteristics of marine elements under the influence of super typhoons were analyzed, and the influence of wave-current interaction on the simulation of hydrodynamic processes was investigated. The results showed that: the location of the maximum significant wave height was related to the tracks of the typhoons, and the maximum significant wave height was generally located in the right of the typhoon centre; the distribution of typhoon waves on both sides of the typhoon path was related to the landing sites of typhoons; the coupled model could better consider the impact of wind and air pressure; the wind speed and direction were the main factors which affected the distribution of nearshore surge, and the storm surges and wave heights were significantly correlated under the effects of super typhoons.
• Study on hydrodynamic impact of human activities on Bamen bay, Wenchang

  LIU Jianbo, CHEN Chunhua, XIE Lin, HU Yuebo

  2025, 47(5): 29-36. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.004

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  In order to discuss the influence of human activities on the hydrodynamics of Bamen bay in Wenchang, and to evaluate quantitatively the characteristics of hydrodynamic changes before and after the ecological renovation and restoration of the blue bay in Bamen bay, based on the hydrodynamic model of EFDC, the water exchange time and tidal inflow of Bamen bay were studied in four different periods: before the pond (2006), after the pond (2014), in the current situation (2020) and during the ecological remediation and restoration plan. The results showed that the average water exchange time of Bamen bay in 2006, 2014, 2020 and after rehabilitation was 90.5, 98.3, 98.8 and 93.2 d respectively; the tidal influx was 2.70×10⁷, 2.07× 10⁷, 2.11×10⁷, 2.59×10⁷ m³. From 2006 to 2014, due to the peak of aquaculture scale,the water exchange time in Bamen bay increased significantly, with an average increase of about 7.8 days. From 2014 to 2020, it was less affected by human activities, and the water exchange time had not changed significantly. After the ecological renovation and restoration, compared with 2020, the average water exchange time accelerated by 5.6 days, tidal capacity increased by 22.75 %, but still did not reach the level of 2006.
• Numerical simulation of hydrodynamic characteristics of Dayangshan waters based on FVCOM

  SHI Yue, JI Qiyan, ZUO Juncheng

  2025, 47(5): 37-45. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.005

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Based on the unstructured triangular irregular grid finite volume three-dimensional offshore ocean model (FVCOM), a large-scale three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model was constructed with mountains as the center radiating outward, including the Yangtze River Estuary, Hangzhou Bay and nearby waters. The accuracy of the model was verified by measured tidal level and tidal current data. The results showed that the numerical simulation results were in good agreement with the measured data, and the model results were meaningful. In addition, on the basis of verifying the reliability of the model, the hydrodynamic numerical simulation was carried out in the Dayangshan sea water area, and the complex flow regime and flow energy distribution of the waterway in the sea area were analyzed. The results can be used for further research on the influence of hydrodynamic forces on sediment movement, and have certain scientific significance for preventing ships from running aground in the waterway.
• Wave prediction in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea region based on convolutional neural network

  JIANG Feifei, WANG Zhifeng, LI Haoqian, LI Rui

  2025, 47(5): 46-55. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.006

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Accurate prediction of wave height is of great significance for engaging in various marine activities, and the existing prediction methods are mainly numerical prediction methods. In terms of deep learning, most of the forecasts are single-point forecasts for the measured sites, and there are fewer predictions for regional wave fields. Based on three years of ERA5 data, the wave height in the Yellow sea and Bohai sea region was forecast every 3 h for the next 3~96 h by using the developed convolutional neural network (CNN) model. The point evaluation method and the field evaluation method were used to compare the forecast values and the target values respectively. The results showed that the developed CNN model was extremely accurate in short-time prediction. Comparing the results of 12 h prediction, the correlation coefficient was basically 0.93, the mean absolute percentage error was about 20%, and it ran fast. It also had good applicability in the long-time prediction, the correlation coefficient was mostly above 0.8, and the mean absolute percentage error was generally below 30%. It showed that the model can provide reference for marine rescue, marine engineering construction and other activities.
• Study on wave attenuation performance of “π” shaped arc-plate type breakwater based on OpenFOAM

  QU Honghong, LI Xueyan, ZHANG Yunxing, SUN Jiawen, SHI Hongyuan

  2025, 47(5): 56-62. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.007

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  In this paper, a novel π-shaped plate-type permeable breakwater with wave baffles arranged on the arc plate was proposed to improve the wave dissipation performance. The numerical model solving the wave-breakwater interaction was established based on OpenFOAM and validated using experimental results. The effects of relative submergence depth, relative wave height, relative height of wave baffles, and relative width of plate on the wave dissipation performance of the proposed breakwater were studied numerically. The results showed that the transmission coefficient decreased with increasing relative width of plate and relative height of wave baffles, and increased with increasing relative submergence depth. The reflection coefficient presented the opposite trend with the transmission coefficient. The amplitudes of decrement of transmission coefficient and increment of reflection coefficient both decreased with increasing relative height of wave baffles. The results of this paper provide valuable information and significant guidance for designing an effective permeable breakwater in practical engineering application.
• Numerical simulation study of scour around tripod foundation for offshore wind turbine under waves

  CHEN Da, LIU Hongjun, ZHENG Tianyuan, HU Ruigeng

  2025, 47(5): 63-71. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.008

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  In order to study the scouring characteristics around tripod foundation in Jiangsu coastal areas under the Stokes wave theory, and discuss the influence of wave heights, water depths and installation angles of tripod on foundation scour law, the Flow-3D numerical simulation software was used to establish a seabed-tripod-wave interaction model. The simulation results showed that when the installation angle of tripod was 60 degrees, the scouring first occurred around the upstream conduit pile and under the truss close to the upstream conduit pile. A scour pit also appeared under the central column with time,, which gradually integrated with the local scour pits around the upstream conduit piles along the direction of the truss to form a V-shaped scour pit. At t=3600s, the maximum scouring depth around the entire structure appeared below the connection between the upstream conduit pile and the truss. When the installation angle of tripod was 0 degrees, the maximum scouring depth of the entire structure appeared below the connection between the downstream conduit pile and the truss. When the installation angle of tripod was 30 degrees, the maximum scouring depth appeared below the connection between the unilateral conduit pile and the truss, and at this time the maximum scouring depth was significantly greater than the other two cases. Under the action of Stokes waves, the maximum scouring depth of the seabed around the tripod foundation increaseed as wave height increased, and reduced as water depth increased, but the position of the maximum scouring depth remained unchanged.
• Research on lightweight design method of suspended disc-shaped structures in the middle of ocean

  JIANG Jitong, LI Kehao, ZHOU Xianxiang, WEI Qixian, KUANG Jun, NIU Yunlong

  2025, 47(5): 72-80. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.009

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  In order to ensure the maximum payload of the suspended disc-shaped structures in the middle of the ocean, it is necessary to study the lightweight design method. In this paper, we developed an optimization method for disc-shaped structures by using ANSYS finite element software and drawing on existing formulas related to the eggshell-shaped pressure hull. The results showed that the optimization of uniform-thickness disc-shaped structures could be directly calculated using the eggshell-shaped pressure hull formula. The optimization of variable-thickness disc-shaped structures could be carried out by using the response surface optimization method in ANSYS software. Compared with uniform-thickness disc-shaped structures, the lightweight achievements of variable-thickness disc-shaped structures were more obvious.
• Study on the design value of wave height in Beihai area based on multi-source compound extreme value distribution

  ZHOU Junhui, TAO Shanshan, DONG Sheng

  2025, 47(5): 81-88. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.010

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Extreme wave height is an important environmental condition in offshore and ocean engineering design, and the study of the design values of wave height is of great significance. Based on the traditional compound extreme value distribution, this paper classified the maximum wave height data of the wave disaster process according to their source, and selected the optimal extreme value distribution by fitting various wave height sequences respectively. Finally, the design value of wave height was calculated jointly and compared with the design value of Poisson compound extreme value distribution model and annual extreme value model. The results showed that the Pearson type 3 distribution had the best fitting effect on the wave height in the Beihai area. Compared with the traditional model, the design wave height of the multi-source compound extreme distribution model was more conservative. The multi-source compound extreme distribution model proposed in this paper can provide some reference for the design of offshore and ocean engineering.
• Studies on the characteristics of the attached biological communities on the surface of different types of artificial reefs

  XU Zhou, HUO Yongwei, JIANG Guoliang, LOU Angang

  2025, 47(5): 89-96. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.011

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  To explore the community characteristics of microorganisms and biomasses of large organisms attached to the surface of different types of artificial reefs, three types of hanging plates were set up in this study with the surfaces sprayed with nutrient solution (YY and YY2), preservative (FF and FF2), and the control without any substance (DZ and DZ2). The hanging plate experiment was carried out at an artificial reef zone in Laoshan Bay under different temperature conditions. Two months after the hanging plates were released into the sea, the biomass of the surface samples collected from the plates was measured with dry weight method, and the microbial community structure and function each sample were analyzed using metagenomic sequencing method. The results showed that the attached organisms on the surface of the hanging plates were mainly barnacles and carex. The biomass on different hanging plates was in an order of YY > DZ > FF, YY2 > DZ2 > FF2. Spraying nutrient solution showed proliferation effect on the attached organisms whereas spraying preservative had inhibition effect. At phylum level, the attached microorganisms mainly included Ascomycota, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The category of attached microorganisms on the three types of hanging plates are highly consistent with slight difference in abundance. At the genus level, the main microorganisms are Colletotrichum, Bacillus, Vibrio, Pyricularia, Cycloclasticus and Nitrosopumilus. There are many bacteria with harmful effects on plants, among them marine ammonia-oxidizing and PAHs degrading bacteria reproduce more vigorously in low temperature environment. In terms of microbial gene function, the genes functioning inof “replication, recombination and repair”, “amino acid transport and metabolism”, “translation, ribosome structure and biosynthesis” among others are the most common. The gene of “replication, recombination and repair” are more advantageous at high temperature than that at low temperature. Our findings can provide a scientific basis for reef material selection, ecological restoration and follow-up study of ecosystem functions in artificial reefs.
• Application of modified chitosan-based aerogel in constructing biofilter of mariculture wastewater

  YE Tingting, LIN Yuanbin, LI Min, SU Zengjian

  2025, 47(5): 97-105. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.012

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The aerogels were prepared from chitosan and coconut shell fiber with freeze-drying method. The properties of the material and the removal efficiency of nutrients from mariculture wastewater by immobilized degradation bacteria were investigated. The experimental results showed that the modified aerogel has a good floatability and a mass transfer performance, the adsorption kinetics accords with quasi first order kinetic model and sorption isotherm with Langmuir model. The improved aerogel could efficiently adsorb COD (chemical oxygen demand), ammonium and nitrite degrading strains, with an increase of 48.82%, 9.14% and 40.74% compared with free bacteria, respectively. In the simulated shrimp pond, the degradation rates of COD, ammonium and nitrite were 52.6%, 55.55% and 98.49% respectively within 10 days.
• Analysis of the characteristics of disastrous strong winds in Xiangshan Port based on measured data

  ZHENG Jian, ZHANG Shengning, YANG Yiman, DENG Qi

  2025, 47(5): 106-112. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.013

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  This study conducts an analysis of the measured wind direction and speed data collected from automatic weather stations in the Xiangshan Port area, spanning 2011 to 2020. The aim is to understand the characteristics of disastrous strong winds across different port areas, with a particular focus on the triggering weather systems, the impact intensity, and the duration of each strong wind event. The analysis incorporated surface and upper-air weather maps. The results suggested that: (1) The inner and outer regions of Xiangshan Port witnessed an annual average of 105.5 hours and 330.0 hours of strong winds, respectively. June and August recorded the least and most occurrences of strong winds, respectively. On a daily basis, strong winds were most probable in the inner port during the afternoon and in the outer port around the evening. (2) The prevailing wind directions for strong winds in both the inner and outer ports were between WNW and NNW. The terrain affected the inner port, with a secondary prevailing wind direction being NE—E. The outer port, frequently influenced by the edge of the subtropical high, exhibited S—SSW as its secondary prevailing wind direction. (3) The average duration of strong wind processed resulting from strong convection, high-pressure edge, low-pressure (vortex) inverted trough, cold air, and typhoon in Xiangshan Port sequentially increases. The weather systems most likely triggering strong winds in the outer and inner ports were low-pressure (vortex), inverted troughs and cold air, respectively. (4) Depending on the influencing weather systems, the wind strength typically exhibited a pattern: outer port surpassing the inner port, which in turn surpassed the surrounding land. The average duration of strong wind events in the outer port could be 2-4 times longer than in the inner port. Nevertheless, in terms of the intensity and frequency of strong convection winds, the inner port significantly surpassed the outer port and surrounding land.
• Test of sea surface temperature fusion data and analysis of spatiotemporal variation characteristics in the Bohai Sea

  XU Shanshan, ZHANG Zengjian, YANG Yang, LIU Yulong, GENG Shanshan, DING Feng

  2025, 47(5): 113-119. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.014

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature data (OISST V2) was tested by using the anchor buoy data in the Bohai Sea area from two aspects of data reproducibility and statistical eigenvalue calculation. OISST V2 data has high reliability.The TOISST V2 data was used to study the long-term variation trend of surface sea temperature in the Bohai Sea from 1981 to 2021. The results showed that the whole Bohai Sea area had a warming trend. The annual average variation rate of SST in 41 years was 0.028℃/a, the maximum annual average variation rate appeared in the south of the Bohai Bay, and the minimum annual average variation rate appeared in the east of Liaodong Bay. In winter, the average warming trend of the Bohai Sea was 0.005 1℃/a. The central part showed a warming trend, while the coastal Bohai Bay, Laizhou Bay and Liaodong Bay showed a cooling trend. In summer; the Bohai Sea had a warming trend, with an average warming rate of 0.011℃/a. EOF decomposition of OISST V2 sea surface temperature anomaly data was used to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of SST in the Bohai Sea. The main modes of its spatial distribution had overall consistency, and the significant period of time coefficient was annual period.
• Spatial-temporal distribution of fishing ground of Antarctic krill fishery and its correlation with environmental variables in Bransfield Strait in 2021

  CHEN Zhuang, LIU Hui, ZHU Guoping

  2025, 47(5): 120-128. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.015

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  In recent years, Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) fisheries has been concentrated significantly in the Antarctic Peninsula, especially Bransfield Strait, where inter-annual variability in fishing ground is significant and unpredictable. Therefore, the relationship between the spatial-temporal distribution of fishing ground and the environmental variables was examined using the generalized additive model (GAM) and gravity center analysis of fishing ground. The results showed that the distribution of krill fishery from March to June, 2021, was mainly distributed within the area of 63°～63°50′ S, 58°～60°W. The center of gravity of catch generally shifted to the northeast, and the range of variation in the center of gravity of krill fishery was small. The GAM explained 46.3% of the total deviation of CPUE, with the largest contribution coming from the month, which accounted for 83.6% of the total deviation explained. The model results showed that the CPUE of krill fishery was related to month and chlorophyll a concentration. In this study, we explored the spatial and temporal distribution of krill in Bransfield Strait, and our findings provided scientific data for the rational development and utilization of krill resource in the key fishing ground.
• Research Report
• Community structure of zooplankton in the sea area near Xiaoqing River estuary of Laizhou Bay in spring and its relationship with environmental factors

  ZHANG Liang, ZHANG Shaoping, SU Kai, SUN Bin, ZHAO Chuanting, JI Yinglu, GU Xueji

  2025, 47(5): 129-137. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.016

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  To know the community structure of zooplankton in the sea area near Xiaoqing River estuary of Laizhou Bay and its relationship with environmental factors, the eutrophication degree of water quality, species composition, dominant species, community structure of zooplankton and the correlation between species diversity and environmental factors were analyzed based on the investigation data in March (spring), 2022. The results showed that eutrophication occurred in all stations in the investigated sea area, and a total of 12 species and 3 taxa of zooplankton were found. The average individual density of zooplankton was 1100.0 inds./m³, the average biomass (wet weight) was 732.0 mg/m³, the average Shannon-Wiener index (H′), Margalef's species richness diversity (d) and Pielou's evenness index (J′) were 1.71, 0.93, 0.67, respectively. The dominant species were Pseudodiaptomus poplesia, Sinocalanus tenellus, Acartia omorii and Eurytemora pacifica. Cluster analysis showed that the zooplankton in the investigation area can be divided into three groups. The results of correlation analysis showed that water temperature was an important environmental factor affecting the biomass and individual density of zooplankton in the sea area.
• Effects of spatial-temporal and environmental factors on the abundance and distribution of Scomber japonicus under lighting purse seine capturing in summer and autumn

  XU Guoqiang, XU Kaida, ZHU Wenbin, ZHOU Yongdong

  2025, 47(5): 138-146. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.017

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  In this study, the effects of spatial-temporal and environmental factors on the abundance and distribution of Scomber japonicus were analyzed using a generalized additive model based on the production data of lighting purse seine capturing in summer and autumn from 2009 to 2018 in combination with the marine environmental data obtained by remote sensing. Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) of S. japonicus showed a significant difference from 2009 to 2018. From July to October, the center of gravity of S. japonicus moved northeast, and tended to move to the outer sea. The GAM analysis showed that four factors including year, longitude, latitude and sea surface temperature had significant effects on the CPUE of S. japonicus, and the significance can be ordered by year, sea surface temperature, longitude and latitude. The synoptic analysis showed that the high CPUE of S. japonicus was distributed on both sides of the diagonal line with low longitude, low latitude and high longitude, high latitude, and the temperature ranged mostly from 27.2 to 29.7 ℃, which was the central fishing ground for S. japonicus. Our findings provided a reference for finding the central fishing ground and the management of lighting purse seine fisheries.
• A preliminary study on catch rate and characteristics of silky shark in longline fishing in tropical Pacific

  MA Yeyang, DAI Xiaojie, GAO Chunxia

  2025, 47(5): 147-157. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.018

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) is caught as an important bycatch in tropical tuna longline fishery, which situates at the top of the marine food chain as an apex predator and plays an important role in maintaining the balance of the marine ecosystem. Silky shark stock is in decline under overfishing and it has been listed for protection under Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora in 2017. Based on the sample data (5 617 ind.) collected by Chinese longline fishery observers in tropical Pacific (90°55′W~139°58′E, 37°20′N~36°49′S), preliminary analyses of catch rate, sex ratio and fork length were conducted. Higher catch per unit effort (CPUE) was found in area of 105°W~165°E and 10°N~20°S. There was a decline trend of CPUE of silky sharks from year 2015 to year 2019 (the highest in 2017). There was a significant difference between years (P<0.05), but monthly CPUE was higher from June to October, with a significant difference in CPUE between months (P<0.05). The overall dominant fork length (FL) of females and males ranged from 90 to 170 cm. The ratio of females to males conformed to 1∶1 (P>0.05). The dominant fork lengths varied between 90 and 110 cm for females and males in tropical western and central Pacific, and between 150 and 170 cm for females and males in tropical eastern Pacific. There were significant differences between the mean fork lengths of females and males in both seas (P<0.05).
• The research on constructing the marine disaster data management platform of North China Sea

  YANG Lifen, YIN Jie, YU Lanlan, TIAN Tian, LIU Shan, LEI Yan, CUI Fengjuan

  2025, 47(5): 158-167. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.019

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Focusing on the disasters of storm surge, wave disaster and sea ice disaster during 1949—2015 which affected North China Sea (government jurisdiction areas to the north of Xiuzhen river estuary located on borderline between Shandong and Jiangsu province), the loss index system of historical marine disaster and the index system of nature variations were constructed on the basis of collection and integration of historical marine disaster literature,observed data during the disaster process and the image data. Using Oracle database platform, historical marine disaster database was built up. The marine disaster data management platform of North China Sea which synthesizes the spatial query, graphical statistics and digital data management was established using ArcGIS platform. The platform can provide critical technical supports for marine disaster prevention &mitigation and relevant technical references on risk area cataloging, risk assessment, disaster forecasting and disaster losses post-assessment, and can also be an important reference to standardize the construction of marine disaster database domestically.
• A game analysis of actors in utilizing and managing blue carbon resources

  WANG Anning, ZHU Qinglin

  2025, 47(5): 168-174. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.020

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Against the background of "dual carbon", how to alleviate the pressure of "dual carbon" by effectively developing and utilizing the blue carbon resources has become an important practical problem. Establishing a balanced mechanism of utilization and management of blue carbon resources is the key to promote the sustainable development of blue carbon. In this paper, we analyzed blue carbon resource use and management using the method of game theory and simulation and by constructing a dynamic game model of evolution for both the government and enterprises, and determined the agent in view of the simulation under different parameters and comprehensive exploration blue carbon resource utilization (enterprise) and management (the government), and the main body of strategy selection and evolution path, to provide a reference for the blue carbon scientific and reasonable utilization of resources. It was found that there is a long-term stable strategy in the evolutionary game between government and enterprise, and a possibility of long-term stable cooperation between them. The government's strategic choice was closely related to its reputation for environmental change caused by blue carbon. The participation of enterprises made it possible for the government to carry out blue carbon policies. In addition, the governmental strategic choice was also affected by its regulatory costs and subsidies to enterprises. Excessive regulatory costs and excessive subsidies to enterprises may slow down its stability. The strategic influence of the government was mainly influenced by the additional income and social resources obtained, and the participation of the government made it possible for enterprises to obtain additional income. In addition, the strategic choice of enterprises was also affected by governmental subsidies, governmental supervision and their own "collaborative" investment. The greater their "collaborative" investment, the stricter the government supervision and the slower the stabilization strategy of enterprises. Even the withdrawal of cooperation may happen. When the government subsidy was higher, the enterprise stabilized the strategy faster.
• Study on the market trading mechanism of marine pollutant emission rights in China based on multiple trading entities

  QU Jiarun, ZHU Qinglin

  2025, 47(5): 175-183. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.021

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  At present, 80% of marine pollution is caused by land-based pollution, and the discharge of pollutants into the sea is the main body of land-based pollution. An appropriate market trading mechanism for the emission rights of pollutants into the sea can effectively reduce pollutant discharge and coordinate economic development. Based on the necessity and feasibility of establishing a market trading mechanism for the emission rights of pollutants into the sea, this paper used hierarchical analysis and game analysis to build the three-level market trading mechanism for the emission rights of pollutants into the sea according to the different trading subjects and leading mechanisms. In addition, suggestions were put forward to promote the effective operation of the market trading mechanism for emission rights of pollutants into the sea in terms of trading rule design, supervision mechanism, reward and punishment mechanism. It is expected to provide reference for the formation of a virtuous circle of trading market of marine pollutant emission rights in China.
• Studies on spatial-temporal evolution and distribution characteristics of Spartina alterniflora from Taoer River to Chao River

  JING Shaomin, LI Sheng, ZHANG Kexin, HU Ping, GONG Mingju, ZHANG Huanyu

  2025, 47(5): 184-191. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.022

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The spatiotemporal evolution of Spartina alterniflora is a critical characteristic for elucidating its invasion dynamics within diverse geographic regions. Despite its importance, there are a paucity of researches on the temporal and spatial distribution and evolutionary traits of S. alterniflora. In this study, we capitalized on the time-series data from GF-1 and GF-2 satellites in combination with supervised classification and spatial interpolation algorithms in QGIS and ArcGIS to extract the distribution range of S. alterniflora from 2015 to 2021. We examined the distribution characteristics and evolutionary trends of S. alterniflora across different scales of time and space. Observations in Taoer River estuary region revealed a relatively slow growth rate for S. alterniflora populations, with an overall declining trend in distribution area. In contrast, S. alterniflora population in Shunjianggou area manifested a rapid growth rate with an increasing area of distribution each year. In Taoer River estuary, the distribution of S. alterniflora was comparatively concentrated, occupying a smaller area. In Shunjianggou stretch, the species exhibited a pattern of both dispersed and sporadic distributions, a broader area, and a positive correlation between population growth rate and changes in distribution density. A higher growth rate was linked to greater changes in the density of S. alterniflora distribution. Overall, S. alterniflora expansion in Taoer River estuary was limited, with an annual tendency towards northeastward expansion. In Shunjianggou section, S. alterniflora has gradually spread to the outer side of Chaohe estuary and the external side of the western estuary levees, representing a substantial range and displaying a trend of expansion towards the west.
• Spatial variation characteristics of water quality and analysis of pollution sources in Bosten Lake based on multivariate statistical analysis

  HU Congqiao, DILINUER·Aji

  2025, 47(5): 192-198. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.023

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Correctly identifying the spatial variation characteristics of lake water quality and analyzing the pollution sources are the basis for scientific and efficient comprehensive lake management, monitoring and management. Based on the multivariate statistical analysis method, the spatial variation characteristics of water quality in Bosten Lake were explored and the main pollution sources of the lake were analyzed. The results showed that the chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids in Bosten Lake were highly variable (coefficient of variation>1), indicating that the two indicators were uneven in spatial distribution and highly sensitive in characterizing the spatial variation of water quality in the lake. The other water quality indicators were of medium variability (0.1＜coefficient of variation<1). The sampling points were divided into two groups by Q-type cluster analysis: the sampling points of group I basically covering the large lakes(except sampling point N19) and the southern part of the small lakes, and the sampling points of group II mainly located in the northern part of the small lakes. During the study period, group I was class III water and met the objectives of class II water function zone, and group II was class IV water, which was inferior to the objectives of water function zone. The water quality in the great lakes region and the southern part of the small lakes region was relatively good, while the water pollution in the northern part of the small lakes region was relatively serious, mainly organic pollution, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salt pollution and physical pollution. The sources of pollutants were urban domestic sewage, farmland drainage and industrial wastewater. This study can provide reasonable guidance for the prevention and control of targeted pollution in Bosten Lake.
• Ecosystem health evaluation of the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River

  WANG Yan, YU Chaoyi, XU Xin, LIU Xianbin, WANG Nan

  2025, 47(5): 199-206. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.024

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  There are many shipping hub projects locating along the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River, and the water resource development has brought a great pressure to its ecosystem and seriously threatened its health. In order to explore the impact of cascade development on the river ecosystems in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River, identify the stressed factors of the river ecosystem, and provide a scientific basis for subsequent development and construction and river management, we used the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in this study, trying to establish a comprehensive evaluation model, and apply this model to evaluate the health status of the river ecosystem in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River in year 2019. The results showed that the weight value of fish retention index, ecological flow guarantee degree and macrobenthos biological index are the three largest among the selected evaluation indicators, which should be paid the most attention. In addition, it was found that the river ecosystem in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River is generally healthy in year 2019. However, the health of the two reaches was worrying; shoreline vegetation coverage, macrobenthos biological index and phytoplankton diversity were found to be unhealthy while water temperature, water quality and navigation depth were found to be sub-healthy.
• Effects of wild Milu on Spartina alterniflora community and soil physical and chemical properties in coastal wetland

  CHEN Li, YAN Dandan, LI Jingtai, LIU Yao, SHENG Yufeng, YAO Xiuying, LI Min, WU Cuiling, LUAN Zhaoqing

  2025, 47(5): 207-215. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.025

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Coastal wetlands are the most productive and biodiverse ecosystems with numerous ecosystem functions. Vegetation is an important indicator of the succession process of coastal wetlands, and its diversity and distribution are closely related to the hydrological environment and the activity of large animals. The wild release of elk has led to a decline in vegetation diversity.and an increase in area of light flats in coastal wetlands, threatening the health and sustainable development of ecosystems there. Based on large-area field survey sampling and laboratory analysis in combination with one-way ANOVA, in this study, we explored the effects of wild release of elk on the population characteristics, aboveground biomass and soil physicochemical properties of Spartina alterniflora. The results showed that the wild release of elk significantly increased the density of S. alterniflora, and significantly reduced the plant height, cover and aboveground biomass of S. alterniflora. Under the condition of wild release of elk, the soil bulk density increased significantly and the water content decreased significantly. Elk wild release significantly increased the soil total carbon, total nitrogen and organic carbon content, but not affected obviously soil salinity, acidity, total phosphorus and inorganic carbon content. The study was carried out, aiming to characterize the ecosystem health of coastal wetlands in the reserve by using the changes of dominant plants and physicochemical properties of soils, and provide a decision-making basis for ecosystem management of coastal wetlands.
• Research Review
• A study on tidal inlet administration and management

  ZHANG Wanjun, XIONG Congbo, HU Zejian, YUE Nana, LE Qun

  2025, 47(5): 216-223. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.026

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The tidal inlet is a special and significant type of shore. Not only can it influence the structure and function of biocommunities, but it also has great importance in many aspects, such as shipping traffic, tourist activities, and the fishery industry. Based on expounding research progress on tidal inlets all over the world, the paper sorted out the current situation of the protection and management for tidal inlets all over the world, discussed influencing factors for the stability of tidal inlets, showed the reaction of tidal inlets to human intervention, and proposed some suggestions aiming at the management and government for tidal inlets in China, which are that the bottom of the story should be got to fully know tidal inlets, that the explicit control systems towards important tidal inlets should be established and that the scientific government work to damaged important tidal inlets should be carried out.
• Breeding status and research progresses of Murray cod

  LIU Ming, LIU Pengchao, LIU Yan, WAN Min, GONG Qingli

  2025, 47(5): 224-230. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.027

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii) has been considered as one of the freshwater fish species that is suitable for aquaculture due to its high nutritional value and suitable attributes for aquaculture. In recent years, several breakthroughs have been made in the breeding technology of Murray cod, and the breeding scale has also been expanding. As a dominant breeding species in the industry of freshwater aquaculture in future, Murray cod aquaculture has great potentials. In this review, we introduced the biological characteristics, nutritional value, breeding status, nutritional requirements, diagnosis and prevention of infectious diseases, and the current breeding modes of Murray cod. Meanwhile, we put forward prospects and several suggestions on the existing problems in Murray cod aquaculture.
• Research progresses in algal buoyancy mechanism

  LV Zhengzheng, LIU Xiaoli, LIU Lijuan, XU Zhiguang

  2025, 47(5): 231-238. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.028

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Algae are the most important primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. However, in recent years, harmful ecological phenomena like "water bloom" in freshwater, and "red tide", "green tide" and "golden tide" in seawater have frequently been appearing, which have greatly impacted the aquatic ecosystems including lakes, ponds and oceans. The buoyancy control and regulation of these algal blooms is the key to determine their floating life and becomes an important link in the process of algal blooms. In this paper, the regulation mechanism of algal buoyancy and the latest research progress of the effects of light, nutrients, CO₂ and other important water environmental factors on algal buoyancy were summarized. Some special structures of algae, such as air bags and hollow tubular bodies, provide positive buoyancy for algae when they are filled with air, while the cell ballast mainly composed of carbohydrates can counteract the positive buoyancy. Algae float up at the lower light level, and sink at the higher light level. Nitrogen limitation reduces the buoyancy of algae more significantly, compared with phosphorus limitation. The buoyancy of algae rises at high CO₂ concentration and high temperature. Therefore, the vertical position of algae in water is comprehensively affected by multiple environmental factors. In this review, we summarized the research progresses in algal buoyancy, provided some theoretical references for further prevention and control of harmful algal blooms.
• Researches on conservation and management of shark in five global tuna regional fisheries management organizations

  CHU Xiaolin, WANG Lei

  2025, 47(5): 239-247. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.029

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Shark conservation and management are important components of global fishery resource governance. Since the 1990s, the five tuna regional fisheries management organizations of the world have issued many legal documents and introduced various measures to vigorously support shark conservation and management. While improving the protection level of the global shark resources, such trial also faces a series of problems like decision-making difficulties, non-existent management system and limited ability of developing contracting parties to implement the contract. In this regard, it is suggested that these organizations should develop a strong decision-making mechanism, strengthen the binding force and implementation of the system, and support the capacity-building of developing state parties to break through the developmental bottleneck and further deepen the shark conservation and management process. At present, these organizations are constantly improving and updating shark conservation and management measures. As a member of the four regional fisheries management organizations, the organization of China should attach importance to and regulate shark fishery data statistics, establish the shark fishery scientific committee system, improve the compliance ability of fishery practitioners, and strengthen research and participation in the organization, so as to enhance the international status of China in deep-sea fisheries and establish the image of a responsible fishery power.
• Studies on ownership of coastline sides and countermeasures: management of reclamation area landside and land certificate area seaside

  GAO Jinzhu, ZHANG Hongfen, CUI Xiaojing, YANG Xiao, ZHAO Rui, ZHANG Kuncheng

  2025, 47(5): 248-253. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.030

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  A new round of shoreline survey led by Ministry of Natural Resources has established the legal and managemental basis for the separation of land and sea, which takes the average spring tide high tide line as the boundary between land and sea. Such adjustment of coastline position has made the sea area certificate landside and the land certificate seaside more prominent, resulting in a special situation of regional spatial planning and use control. Based on sorting out these two types of problems, and in combination with relevant research and policies, in this paper, we put forward corresponding policy guidance and work suggestions according to the actual situation. We suggested to (1) accelerate the promotion of the statutory coastline and establish the annual coastline change investigation system and the five-year survey mechanism; (2) guide and control the development and protection of two sides with spatial planning; (3) define the policy of land certificate renewal for reclamation in stock; and (4) issue special documents to clarify the regional management policy of land certificate in the sea, strictly control the new reclamation, ease the ownership contradiction by new ways such as three-dimensional confirmation of rights, and explore the establishment of a voluntary exit mechanism of land certificate on the sea side. On the premise of obtaining land use approval procedures, stock land should be approved once non construction land was determined by the third national land survey, and construction land should be managed once the construction land was determined. Actively exploring the mechanism underlining the linkage of disposal of stock reclamation with the total amount of new construction land indicators in the region, and implementing the requirements of development concession distance and the lower limit control of ecological space reservation were highly appreciated.
• Progresses and prospect of research on lakes over the Tibetan Plateau ——a visual analysis with VOSviewer and CiteSpace

  ZHANG Qunhui, GU Xiaofan, CHANG Liang

  2025, 47(5): 254-264. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2025.05.031

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Lakes in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) have become the important research object for studies in climate, environment, and resources of the world. To figure out the research progresses and hotspots on the TP lakes at home and abroad, based on bibliometrics, this paper applied VOSviewer and CiteSpace and extracted 724 and 2563 papers published in the CNKI and Web of Science (WOS) respectively. The annual numbers of published papers, distributions of discipline, countries, academic institutions, authors, and keywords were analyzed to clarify the developing trend and research hotspots of domestic and foreign literature for TP lakes. Results showed that at present the number of published papers on TP lakes was still in a rapid growth trend, and the research fields were extensive and rich. China had the largest number of literature data, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences played a leading role in the world. The current research on TP lakes had been focused on the reconstruction of paleoclimatic environmental and hydrological events and lake process changes. The development of satellite remote sensing technology had promoted the study of lake hydrodynamics, and the changes in lake water levels and volumes had been paid more attention in recent five years. In the future, the research hotspots of TP lakes will be on obtaining high-precision lake parameters and investigating lake process changes with high spatiotemporal resolution.