10 February 2026, Volume 48 Issue 1

    

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• Research Paper
• Numerical study of water exchange through Qiongzhou Strait under the conditions of typhoon

  WANG Xiao, LOU Angang, ZHANG Xueqing, LOU Qi

  2026, 48(1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.001

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The Qiongzhou Strait is located between Hainan island and the Leizhou peninsula in China, and the water transport through the Strait plays an important role in the circulation structure in the northern part of the Beibu gulf. Typhoons are frequent in the area. To understand the influence of typhoons on water exchange through the Strait, typical typhoons Sarika (2016), Kalmaegi (2014) and Rammasun (2014) were selected to simulate the material transport and water exchange characteristics of the Qiongzhou Strait under the influence of typhoons. The results showed that the residual current direction in the Qiongzhou Strait in summer was from east to west; Typhoons (Kalmaegi, Rammasun) passing over the northern part of Hainan island changed the direction of the residual current in the Qiongzhou Strait from west to east, while typhoons (Sarika) passing over the central part of Hainan island strengthened the residual current from east to west. During typhoons, 1.2×10¹⁰ m³ westward under typhoon Sarika, 1.6×10¹⁰ m³ eastward under typhoon Kalmaegi and 5×10¹⁰ m³ eastward under typhoon Rammasun, the volume of water transport increased by 100%, 167% and 760% respectively compared to tidal forcing. The different circulation structures generated by typhoons with different routes caused different directions of water transport in the Qiongzhou Strait. The material residence rate in the Qiongzhou Strait was 81.5% under typhoon Sarika, 62.6% under typhoon Kalmaegi and 8.1% under typhoon Rammasun.
• Hydrodynamic response characteristics and numerical analysis of buoys with different types of floating body

  ZHENG Huiyuan, CHEN Yonghua, NI Zuotao, LIU Qingkui, JIANG Jingbo, HU Hegang, XIAO Chao

  2026, 48(1): 10-22. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.002

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The attitude change of ocean monitoring buoys directly affects the measurement accuracy of some sensors mounted on the buoys. Therefore, the stability of buoys is an important indicator that should be paid attention when designing buoys, and the type of buoy body is closely related to its stability. To address this problem, based on the three-dimensional potential flow theory and wave radiation-winding theory, this paper discussed four common small ocean monitoring buoys with different buoy structure types by taking wave load as the main external excitation. Simulations were used to analyze the hydrodynamic response characteristics of each buoy body in the two degrees of freedom of heave and roll as well as short-term time domain forecasting, in order to obtain a buoy structure with better stability. The results of the simulation experiment showed that judging from the hydrodynamic characteristics and the time-domain results under the wave load only, the dish-shaped buoy had better anti-wave stability in the roll degree of freedom and the wave-following performance in the heave degree of freedom among the conventional single-body buoys, followed by the cylindrical buoy. The circular truncated buoy was slightly inferior. On the same level, the stability of the single-body buoy was obviously better than that of the multi-body buoy.
• Atmosphere path delay iterative correction method based on the spatial stochastic model

  SU Fanwei, WANG Yunhua, SUN Daozhong, BAI Yining, ZHANG Yanmin

  2026, 48(1): 23-33. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.003

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Atmospheric path delays can cause the inversion error of sea surface elevation in the cross-track interferometry. This error cannot be ignored for centimeter-level sea surface elevation measurements, which must be estimated accurately. The estimated image positioning deviation caused by path delay in the study will lead to the geographic location matching error of zenith delay and the estimated bias of zenith angle, which will cause the bias of path delay estimation. Therefore, an iterative correction method for path delay based on a spatial stochastic model was proposed in this paper. The simulation results showed that this method could effectively suppress the geographic location bias on the path delay estimation and improve the inversion accuracy of the sea surface elevation. The practicality of the method was tested by interferometric data from TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X, which would be a reference for the path delay correction of the interferometric radar altimeter in the future.
• Study on isotopic indicators of saline water intrusion processesin the front of Mihe alluvial-pluvial fan, Laizhou Bay

  MA Jian, WANG Longchang, LIU Yinghao, LI Mingbo, XU Jinxin, JIANG Bing, WU Zhen, LIU Mingming

  2026, 48(1): 34-42. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.004

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The identification of saltwater intrusion process is of great significance to the prevention and control of saltwater intrusion disasters and the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources in coastal areas. In order to study the interaction law of saline and fresh water in different depths of aquifers in the front edge of the Mihe alluvial fan, the recharge source, hydrochemical characteristics and evolution law of groundwater in the study area were discussed through the test and characteristic analysis of hydrochemical and stable isotope samples of hydrogen and oxygen. The saltwater intrusion process was effectively identified. The results showed that the main recharge source of groundwater in the study area was atmospheric precipitation. The groundwater chemical field on the plane of the study area was obvious zonation, showing a change rule from salt water to fresh water from north to south. The degree of salt water intrusion in different depths of aquifers in the vertical direction was different and changes obviously with seasons. According to the results of environmental isotope testing, compared with the dry season, the confined water in the salt water distribution area in the wet season was characterized by heavy isotope enrichment, which may be caused by the increase of salt water intrusion caused by the rise of groundwater level in the north.
• Analysis of spatial-temporal variation characteristics and influencing factors of water quality from Lingdingyang Bay

  YE Sihua, ZHOU Minghao

  2026, 48(1): 43-51. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.005

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The water quality data of 27 survey points from Lingdingyang Bay in spring, summer and autumn of 2020 were selected, and the eutrophication index and principal component analysis were used to study the water environment quality of this sea area. The main driving factors affecting seawater quality were discussed. The results showed that the water quality index and eutrophication index of Lingdingyang Bay showed significant seasonal and spatial differences. Principal component analysis was used to extract 4 principal components from 10 water quality indicators, which could explain 79.725% of the information. According to the comprehensive score of principal component analysis, from the time point of view, the water quality of Lingdingyang Bay was poor in spring, followed by summer and autumn. From the spatial point of view, the water quality near the mouth of the Pearl River was better than that far away from the mouth of the Pearl River, basically showing a trend of gradual improvement from north to south. The main driving factors affecting the sea area included SPM, pH, DO, COD, NH₄-N, NO₃-N, NO₂-N and DIP. It is necessary to strengthen the control of industrial, agricultural and domestic sewage discharge in the Pearl River basin to improve the water environment quality of the Lingdingyang Bay.
• Study on theevolution and disaster mechanism of landfall tropical cyclones in China under the background of climate change

  CHEN Shifa, LI Hangfei, YANG Lin, MAO Lanhua, LIU Wen

  2026, 48(1): 52-59. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.006

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  In view of the climate change mainly due to global warming, this paper used the data of tropical cyclones landing in China from 1953 to 2022 to discuss the spatio-temporal evolution and disaster mechanism of tropical cyclones landing in China from El Niño/La Niña events, eastern and central El Niño/La Niña events. The results showed that: (1) The landfall tropical cyclones were significantly correlated with the SST in the regions of Niño index, and with the SST anomalies in the regions of Niño index 3.4 and Niño index 4, but no correlation with the SST anomalies in the regions of the Niño index 3 and the regions of the Niño 1+2 index; (2) The number of landfall tropical cyclones in the El Niño event was small and the intensity was strong, while the La Niña event was opposite; (3) The number and intensity of tropical cyclones landing during the eastern type El Niño event was stronger than that of the central type El Niño event, and the number of tropical cyclones landing during the eastern type La Niña event was higher than that of the central type La Niña event, but the intensity was weaker than that of the central type La Niña event. This study provides some reference for forecasting and prevention of tropical cyclones landing in China at a long-time scale.
• Effects of fillers and hydraulic retention time on microbial community structure in the recirculating mariculture system of Sebastes schlegelii

  LI Jiaxin, CUI Zhengguo, HU Haiyan, FENG Yuna, JIN Tongtong, ZHU Shengmin

  2026, 48(1): 60-67. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.007

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Microbial community is crucial to the biological filler tank of industrial recirculating aquaculture system. In order to explore the effects of the filler and hydraulic retention time in the biological filter tank of recirculating aquaculture system on the microbial community structure and diversity inside, we selected valens clip, polyurethane sponge and polyethylene ring as the filler of MBBR tank and brush as the filler of FBBR tank. Four groups of hydraulic retention times were also set to run the circulating water system and compare the purification effect of water quality. Finally, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to detect the microbial community structure and analyze the diversity of the filler surface biofilm. The results showed that the dominant phylum in the packing were proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, actinobacteria, chloroflexi and planctomycetes and there was no significant difference among the samples at the class level. The dominant classes were alphaproteobacterial, bacteroidia, gammaproteobacterial, acidimicrobiia and deltaproteobacteria, and there is a great difference among the samples at the genus level. Ruegeria, Sva0996_marine_group, Planktotalea, Pseudomonas, Muricauda, and Woeseia were dominant genera with obvious changes in abundance. When the hydraulic retention time was 1.6h, polyurethane sponge showed the best removal effect on NH₄⁺-N with an average removal rate of 21.66±2.92%. When the hydraulic retention time was 2.4 h, polyethylene ring performed best in removing NO₂^--N with an average removal rate of 31.42±7.00%, which is mainly due to the main role of bacteria with ammoxidation and nitrification abilities. In this study, the removal effect of different fillers and the changes of microbial community structure and diversity over time in recirculating aquaculture system were studied. The results provided a theoretical reference for microbial enhancement and improvement of nitrogen purification efficiency in industrial recirculating aquaculture system.
• Effects of 5 representative feeds on hybrid grouper biology and water quality of its recirculating aquaculture systems

  FAN Xiangyu, YU Hong, CUI Hongwu, XUE Zhiyong, BAI Ying, QU Keming, HU Haiyan, CUI Zhengguo

  2026, 48(1): 68-77. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.008

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Feed is the most important source of nutrients and pollutants in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). When RAS industry tries to develop sustainably, the green feed is essential to ensure quality and water quality. An 8-week culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different diets on the biology of hybrid grouper and water quality in RAS. Redundancy and Pearson correlation analyses were used to establish the association between data. The results showed that the growth efficiency of hybrid grouper is significantly and positively correlated with protein/energy ratio (P/E) and high significantly and positively correlated with dietary apparent digestibility (ADC) in its RAS. The increase of dietary P/E and ADC can reduce the hepatopancreas somatic indices and viscerosomatic somatic indices. When the P/E and ADC were too high, i.e., when the fish individuals ingest and absorb too much protein which will lead to the decrease of protein efficiency, the serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activity and the increase of total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen concentration in aquaculture water will increase. The level of available phosphorus (AP) in feed was positively correlated with the concentration of phosphorus pollutants in water. Compared with labile phosphate, available phosphorus had a greater effect on the concentration of total phosphorus. The water-solubility (WSI) of feed was positively correlated with all water pollutants. In this study, the performance of F3 (P/E 36.20 g/MJ, ADC 61.92±1.31%, AP 0.98%, WSI 13.25±0.23%) was the closest to the green feed suitable for hybrid grouper RAS. Our findings provided the data support for the application of green feed in industrial RAS.
• Effects of different light qualities and light intensities on growth, biochemical composition and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of red alga Gracilaria arcuata

  ZHOU Ziyang, TANG Lei, ZHANG yajian, WANG Zhendong, CHEN Yajing, MAO Yunxiang

  2026, 48(1): 78-86. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.009

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Gracilaria arcuata is an important tropical coral reef macroalga, which is widely distributed in south China Sea, and possesses important economic and ecological values. However, studies on its growth characteristics are scarce. The effects of different light qualities and light intensities on the growth of G. arcuata were analyzed in this study. The alga was treated with white, blue, green and red lights. It was found that green light caused the highest relative growth, reaching 5.85±0.17%/d, significantly higher than that caused by other light qualities (P < 0.05). The fat-soluble pigment content of G. arcuata under green light was significantly higher than that under blue and red lights, and phycobiliproteins and soluble proteins were the highest under white and blue lights. However, there was no significant difference in actual photosynthetic efficiency Y (II) among light qualities. The relative growth rate of G. arcuata was the highest (10.25 ± 0.11 %/d) under the light intensity of 200 μmol/(m²s). Under this intensity, the content of phycobiliproteins, the maximal photochemical yield Fv/Fm and the actual photosynthetic efficiency Y(II) were the highest. We explored the growth of G. arcuata under different light qualities and light intensities, which may provide a theoretical basis for studying the light adaptation mechanism of G. arcuata. At the same time, our findings may provide a reference for further exploration of the growth characteristics and artificial cultivation of G. arcuata.
• Potential ecological risk assessment and source analysis of heavy metals in surface sediments of the mangrove tidal flat in Dongzhai harbor, Hainan island

  WANG Peng, WANG Junguang, LI Qiuzhong, ZHANG Gucheng, ZHANG Dongqiang

  2026, 48(1): 87-94. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.010

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The concentrations of heavy metal elements (As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb and Zn) in the surface sediments were investigated on the continental shelf off the Dongzhai port of Hainan island. Based on the field data, the sediment environment was evaluated using single factor standard index and geo-accumulation index. Quantitative assessment on the potential ecological risk of these heavy metals was performed using the potential ecological risk index. The dominant sources were also determined with Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results demonstrated that the environment of surface sediments was generally clean by As but polluted by Pb、Zn、Hg、Cd、Cu and Cr according to the geo-accumulation index. Relatively medium potential ecological risk was observed in the study area with RI value was 169.8. The potential ecological risk measured by single factor ranking from high to low was Hg>Cd>Cu>As>Pb>Cr>Zn. We also found that sources of Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb and Zn were similar and potentially from industrial pollutants. As and Cd were derived from pollutants from agriculture.
• Study on the characteristics and influencing factors of aerobic ammonium oxidizing archaea community in surfacesediments of mangroves in Sanya River

  CHENG Hao, ZHEN Yu, LUO Qing, HE Hui, ZHAO Liyuan

  2026, 48(1): 95-105. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.011

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  As the key step of biological nitrification, the ammonia oxidation process plays an important role in the global nitrogen cycle. Based on the Illumina Miseq sequencing, we explored the characteristics of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) community in surface sediments of mangrove in Sanya River in winter and summer, and analyzed the key environmental factors affecting the community structure. The results showed that the AOA community had seasonal variation characteristics, the diversity and richness of the AOA community in most sampling sites were higher in summer than in winter, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The composition of AOA community in different sections from the upper to lower reaches and from the river to the land side of the Sanya River was different, among which the difference between the upper section and the middle with the lower section was the largest, and there was also a certain difference in the composition of AOA community in winter and summer. The dominant AOA genera in winter and summer were Nitrosopumilus, Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus and Nitrososphaera. Geographical location and sampling time were the main factors affecting the AOA community, and geographical location had a significant impact on AOA community structure (P<0.05). The main environmental factors affecting the AOA community structure included DO, nitrate, nitrite, temperature and pH. Nitrite and temperature mainly affect the AOA community structure in winter, and temperature was significantly related to it (P<0.05); pH mainly affected the AOA community structure in summer, but the correlation between environmental factors and it was not significant (P>0.05). In general, the environmental factors affecting the AOA community structure in winter and summer were DO and nitrate.
• Distribution and sources of nutrients and heavy metals in surface sediments during freezing periods in Ulansuhai lake, Inner Mongolia

  CUI Zhimou, SHI Xiaohong, ZHAO Shengnan, LU Junping, GUO Xin, WANG Yanjun, ZHANG Hao

  2026, 48(1): 106-114. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.012

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  To investigate the nutrient and heavy metal pollution in the surface sediments of Ulansuhai lake during the freezing period, this study analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics, ecological risks, and potential sources of typical pollutants in the surface sediments during the ice-sealed period. The results indicated that the average contents of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and organic matter (OM) in surface sediments were 1.78 g/kg, 0.51 g/kg, and 30.90 g/kg, respectively. TN exhibited moderate variability, while OM showed high variability, both presenting distinct spatial heterogeneity. According to the nutrient pollution index, TN and OM in surface sediments during the ice-sealed period were severely polluted, with all sampling sites classified as heavily polluted. Heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg), in surface sediments exceeded the standard significantly. The heavy metal geo-accumulation index (Igeo) further verified that Cd and Hg posed severe ecological risks. The potential ecological risk index (RI) of heavy metals ranged from 63.67 to 755.43, with a mean value of 359.36, indicating a strong potential ecological risk. Among them, Cd and Hg contributed more than 80% to the total RI value. Multivariate statistical analysis suggested that nutrients were mainly influenced by winter plant wilting, decomposition, and farmland runoff. Cd and Hg were predominantly derived from industrial sources. Agricultural production activities affected the distribution of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn, whereas chromium (Cr) mainly originated from natural sources. This study fills the research gap regarding lake sediments in the cold and arid regions of northwest China during the freezing period, further clarifies the responses of heavy metals and nutrients to various environmental factors in ice-sealed lakes, and provides a scientific basis for water environment management and related research in the Hetao basin.
• An analysis of Sphaeroma volatile components and their effects on mangrove

  SHI Danni, HUANG Danmin, CEN Xuancai, GUO Xia

  2026, 48(1): 115-120. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.013

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  In order to find a method to control the damage of mangrove caused by the infestation of Sphaeroma, the volatile components of Sphaeroma were analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction technology in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The behavioral responses of 5 main volatiles and 12 essential oils to Sphaeroma were measured using a self-made Y-shaped olfactometer. The results showed that there were 50 kinds of volatile components of Sphaeroma as were detected in GC-MS analysis, and the main components were hexadecane, nonadecane, benzaldehyde, undecanal, 8-heptadecene, octanal among others. We found that hexadecane, octanal and nutmeg essential oil have significant attraction on Sphaeroma; and the essential oils of Acorus gramineus and cinnamon essential oil have significant repellent effects on Sphaeroma. These findings should aid to selecting natural pesticides with citation and avoidance effects to prevent and control Sphaeroma infestation and protect mangroves.
• An estimation of carbon storage of Spartina alterniflora in coastal areas of Hebei Province

  HUANG Bo, LU Li, WU Ziqi, FENG Honge

  2026, 48(1): 121-128. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.014

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Spartina alterniflora has become one of the main plant species in coastal salt marsh wetlands in Hebei Province since its introduction into China. In order to monitor the vegetation carbon storage status of S. alterniflora in the coastal areas of Hebei Province, the problems of inconsistency between the measured spectra and satellite spectra of S.alterniflora in the field, small sample sizes and difficulties in remote sensing inversion of underground biomass were addressed using remote sensing technology. A direct standardization (DS) algorithm was proposed to calibrate the spectra of ZY01-02D VNIC satellite. By introducing field measured spectra, a BP neural network model for aboveground biomass of S. alterniflora was established. Regression analysis was performed for the difference between the spectral angle of the satellite spectrum and the measured values of underground biomass after DS correction, and a cubic function model was established. The percentage of organic carbon content was taken as the average of the measured values. Finally, the total vegetation carbon storage of S. alterniflora in Hebei Province was estimated. (1) The decision coefficient (R²) of the aboveground biomass model for the full spectrum of the satellite spectrum without DS correction was 0.7244, and the model R² of this method reached 0.8249. Removing the impact of environmental factors on the satellite spectrum and increasing the number of samples improved the accuracy of aboveground biomass retrieval. (2) The difference between the measured values of underground biomass and the spectral angle of the satellite spectrum after DS correction of the corresponding two pixels was a cubic function relationship with R² 0.85 and root mean square error (RMSE), 90.69 g/m². (3) in July 2022, the total vegetation carbon storage of S. alterniflora in the coastal areas of Hebei Province was 929.42 tons, accounting for 33.56% in Tangshan City and 66.44% in Cangzhou City.
• Characterization of bacterial community structure in sediments of natural and artificially restored mangrove communities of Tieshangang Bay

  WANG Zixiang, ZHEN Yu, ZHENG Pengfei, ZHU Fangchao, YIN Qunjian, MI Tiezhu, XING Yongze

  2026, 48(1): 129-141. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.015

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing method, the bacterial community structure in the sediments of natural and artificially restored mangrove communities (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm and 15-20 cm) of Tieshangang Bay was profiled. The results showed that the dominant bacteria in mangrove sediments of Tieshangang Bay were Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria at phylum level and Sulfurovum, Desulfatiglans and Desulimonas at genus level. The number of operational taxonomic units, Shannon index and Chao 1 index of bacteria in natural mangrove sediments were significantly higher than those in artificially restored mangrove sediments. Principal coordinates analysis of bacterial communities based on Bray-Curtis distance showed that there are significant differences between natural and artificial mangrove sediment bacteria. In terms of the vertical distribution of bacterial communities, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes showed the highest relative abundance in the surface layer and decreased with depth in both natural forests and restored areas. The relative abundance of Planctomycetes, Firmicutes and Calditrichaeota was higher in the middle and lower layers. Tax4Fun functional prediction showed that the relative abundance of functional genes related to signal transduction, lipid metabolism, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism in natural mangrove forest was significantly higher than that in the restored area. The relative abundance of functional genes related to microbial basic metabolisms like amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism significantly decreased with the depth. Our findings revealed significant differences in bacterial diversity, relative abundance and potential functions between the sediments of natural and artificially restored mangroves in Tieshangang Bay, and variations in the vertical distribution of bacterial community structures between the two areas.
• Evaluations of growth and cold resistance of Kandelia obovata seedlings in different hypocotyl harvesting periods

  XIN Wenzhen, LIU Xing, YANG Sheng, MA Zengling, LIU Yu, LI Changda, WU Juanjia, CHEN Qiuxia

  2026, 48(1): 142-151. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.016

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  To establish quality standards for quality hypocotyl of Kandelia obovata Longgang, a good cold-resistant mangrove variety appropriate for Zhejiang Province, the hypocotyl (LG1-5) of 'K. obovata Longgang was collected at different stages with their fresh weight, length, cross diameter, and starch, crude protein and crude fat contents measured. The changes in seedling height, basal diameter and biomass of outdoor beach-grown seedlings were monitored. An indoor low temperature (-5.5℃) stress test was conducted to document the freezing damage and survival rate of its seedlings. The results showed that the hypocotyl changed from long and thin to short and fat as the harvesting period was delayed. The principal component analysis showed that LG4 hypocotyl scored the highest, which was followed by LG1 and LG3. Correlation analysis further showed that there was a positive correlation (P<0.05) among hypocotyl morphology, storage material and seedling growth with fresh weight and starch as the key factors. The cold resistance of LG1 was stronger than LG4 and LG2. The heavier the fresh weight, the higher the starch content, the better the growth potential of LG radicle. The earlier harvested hypocotyl had a certain amount of energy accumulation and sufficient growth time, and the seedlings were more resistant to cold. For the ecological restoration of Zhejiang mangroves, we recommend to harvest Longgang hypocotyl around April 10 and during the concentrated maturation period (mid to early May).
• Research Report
• Determination of southeast Atlantic catch difference between countries and regions and associating suggestions

  ZHANG Zhong, FANG Zhou, LI Nan, CHEN Xinjun

  2026, 48(1): 152-160. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.017

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Based on the catch of southeast Atlantic from 1950 to 2019, FAO, we used dominance analysis to analyze the catch and catch species composition in the southeast Atlantic, the composition of catches, the contribution of major catches and the contribution of catches in coastal and non-coastal countries and regions each decade. This results showed that the total catch of the southeast Atlantic increases first and then decreases, and the total catch is low, accounting for less than 3% of the world total marine catch; Merluccius capensis, Engraulis capensis, Trachurus capensis and Sardinops sagax are the dominant species in the southeast Atlantic; catches of South Africa is the coastal state highest; catches from non-coastal countries and regions such as Russia (Soviet Union), Japan, Spain, Poland, Ukraine, Bulgaria and Taiwan Province of People’s Republic of China contribute significantly to the total. The fishery resources in the southeast Atlantic have potential for exploitation, but the catch varies greatly among countries and regions; the main catch in coastal countries and regions such as South Africa is of low economic value while the developed countries such as European Union and Japan capture most of the high economic value fish like tuna. We suggest that the assessment of fishery resources in the southeast Atlantic should be strengthened, and a scientific and reasonable management and development system should be established among both coastal and non-coastal countries and regions so as to improve the fishing capacity and level and promote the sustainable development of fishery resources in southeast Atlantic.
• Studies on the compatibility of offshore wind-power field in Bohai sea, China, with a marine spatial planning strategy

  KANG Wanchao, TENG Xin, ZHANG Panpan, ZHAO Qiwei, MENG Xue, WANG Xiuna

  2026, 48(1): 161-167. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.018

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  In the context of the national strategic decision of promoting the realization of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, improving the utilization efficiency of marine resources, guiding and regulating the allocation of marine space, and optimizing the space for the use of offshore wind power are important guarantees of the orderly development of the offshore wind power industry. Based on the perspective of marine spatial planning, the correlation analysis, comprehensive analysis and spatial analysis methods were used to study the compatibility of offshore wind power field with other functional usages in Bohai sea. Our findings showed that in the functional area, the central part of Bohai sea was suitable for offshore wind power where the wave energy was compatible. In addition, outside the functional area, offshore wind power could be located in agriculture reclamation, mariculture, nursery, fishery infrastructure, port, waterway, anchorage, industrial construction, urban construction, solid mineral, salt pan, tourism and recreation zones. Based on these understandings, a suitable site for offshore wind power with appropriate compatibility could be identified.
• Ecological benefit evaluation of reef building engineering of retired oil platforms based on comprehensive weight method

  XUE Yu, ZHENG Xilai, YUE Xinhang

  2026, 48(1): 168-177. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.019

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  When applying the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to ecological evaluation, the analytic hierarchy process is often used to determine the weight of each evaluation factor. This method has a subjective error and the evaluation result has uncertainty. The comprehensive weight method combining AHP and entropy weight is adopted, and the subjective and objective weights are combined and calculated based on the principle of minimum information entropy. The obtained comprehensive weight can not only take into account of the subjective intention of decision-making but also take into account of the objectivity of the survey data, which conforms to the requirements of the optimization model for factor weight. In this paper, the ecological benefit evaluation index system of the decommissioned oil platform reef-building was constructed, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was established based on the comprehensive weight of the evaluation index and applied to the ecological environmental benefit evaluation of the platform reef-building demonstration project in Chengdao sea area. The ecological evaluation result obtained after the weight determined by AHP was Grade II, which was inconsistent with the Grade I evaluation result obtained by the entropy weight method. The evaluation results of the comprehensive weight method showed that the surveyed sea area was at level II ecological level as a whole, and the ecological benefit score of the reef-building area (1#~4#) was 0.784 on average, which was higher than the ecological benefit score of the non-reef area (5#) 0.751, indicating that the platform reef building project had a good ecological restoration effect for the sea area.
• Research on obstacles to collaborative innovation of offshore wind power consortiums based on evolutionary game

  ZHOU Hongfang, ZHANG Xiaoli, HE Guangshun

  2026, 48(1): 178-186. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.020

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  In order to enhance the effectiveness of technological collaborative innovation in offshore wind power industry, this paper used evolutionary game model to systematically explore the game process of offshore wind power consortia participating in collaborative innovation. The findings showed that: the stronger the achievement transformation ability, the higher the subsidy amount, the higher the technology absorption ability, the lower the cost sharing ratio, and the higher the benefit sharing ratio, the more both parties of the consortium tend to collaborative innovation; within a certain range, the richer the innovation resources, the higher the penalty coefficient, the higher the probability that both parties tend to collaborative innovation; the higher the excess benefit, the higher the cost, the more both parties tend to innovate alone. In response to the above findings, corresponding countermeasures were proposed for the development of offshore wind power industry.
• Metagenomic investigations of the structure and functional metabolism of microbial communities inhabiting Keluke Lake and Tuosu Lake

  LIN Zijing, LONG Qifu, SHEN Guoping, XING Jiangwa, ZHU Derui, LI Yongzhen

  2026, 48(1): 187-193. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.021

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The Keluke Lake and Tuosu Lake (KLK-TS) wetlands locate in the east of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which are unique in geographical locations and biodiverse ecosystems. The community structure, functional genes and metabolic pathways of microbial organisms inhabiting Keluke Lake and Tuosu Lake were analyzed by sequencing their metagenomes. The dominant microbial groups in two lakes were essentially the same at phylum level, but different in relative abundances; Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia phyla dominated Keluke Lake while Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated Tuosu Lake. By searching against KEGG database, it was found that the functional genes of global and overview maps, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism were abundant. This study was carried out, aiming to deepen our understanding of the microbial community structure, and the metabolic function of microbial organisms inhabiting the water body of Keluke Lake and Tuosu Lake, and to provide the new knowledge for the comprehensive management and protection of plateau wetland environments.
• A research on the evaluation and improvement of service quality of island recreational fisheries: Taking Zhoushan Shengshan Island as an example

  JIANG Xinqiang, ZHANG Junbo, YANG Chenxing, YANG Yang, WAN Rong

  2026, 48(1): 194-201. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.022

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The recreational fishery industry in China has exhibited a substantial growth and has been vital in enhancing the quality and productivity of the fishery sector, as well as augmenting the employment and income of fishermen. However, there are persisting issues with regard to service quality that impede the tourism experience and satisfaction evaluation of visitors, and also hinder the sound development of the recreational fishery industry of China. Here we took Zhoushan ShengShan Island as an example from the perspective of tourists and developed an evaluation system for the service quality of island recreational fisheries by integrating the fuzzy Kano model and Importance-Performance Analysis in order to ascertain the current state and direction of improving the service quality of local recreational fisheries. Our findings demonstrated that there is a discrepancy between tourists’ perceptions of the importance and satisfaction level regarding the quality of recreational fishery services on Zhoushan Shengshan Island. Recreational fishery on Zhoushan Shengshan Island exhibited advantages in terms of safety, security and services, natural environment, tourism services, accommodation and catering and tourist capacity; however, there are deficiencies in terms of public infrastructure, tourism prices, transportation and recreational fishery experience programs, which need to be improved. By combining the model and field survey results, we proposed the countermeasures, aiming to provide the references for enhancing the service quality and competitiveness of local recreational fisheries in Shengshan Island.
• CiteSpace-assisted analysis on research trends in radon tracing for lake-groundwater interaction

  LI Gang, WANG Qianqian, LUO Manhua, ZHANG Yan, ZHANG Zhifei, LI Haitao, LI Wenpeng, LI Hailong

  2026, 48(1): 202-211. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.023

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Radon isotope (²²²Rn) is an excellent natural radioisotope tracer for quantifying the surface water-groundwater interactions. So far, ²²²Rn has been widely used in quantifying groundwater discharge in coastal areas. However, the relative research on lakes lags far behind the former. In order to promote applying ²²²Rn in lakes, this study adopted bibliometrics theory and CiteSpace software, to analyze the worldwide current status and research trend of ²²²Rn traced lake-groundwater interactions. This research field was accelerating. Although China's research started lately from 2016, it has been developing rapidly. In many different lakes, ²²²Rn traced lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) was dominant in the existing studies, but lake leakage caused by groundwater overexploitation and artificial water replenishment was becoming more and more common. ²²²Rn tracing will be most probably used as one vital approach to improve the theory of groundwater recharge at leaking lakes.
• An evaluation research on ecological security evaluation of Dalian Bay coastal zone based on the Pressure-State-Response model

  WU Shuyan, ZHU Qinglin, WU Wen

  2026, 48(1): 212-219. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.024

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  In the national ecological security system, the importance of coastal zone ecological security is increasingly obvious, and the demand for coastal zone ecological security research is also increasing. The coastal zone is the area with the highest concentration of human-sea relations, the most densely populated and the most active socio-economic activities. In order to scientifically evaluate the ecological security of Dalian Bay coastal zone, based on the Pressure-State-Response model, 17 indicators were screened to construct an evaluation system, and the weight of the indicators was determined by using the entropy right method, and the ecological safety of the coastal zone in Dalian Bay from 2009 to 2019 was analyzed and evaluated and corresponding countermeasures were proposed. The results showed that the ecological security level of Dalian Bay increasing steadily, followed by relatively danger, early warning, relatively safe and safe. In the criterion layer, the pressure index tended to be generally stable and slightly increased; the status index showed a “downward-upward-stable” trend; the overall response index increased year by year. In the index layer, the energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure, forest greening rate and fishery production had the largest weight. Therefore, it is suggested to improve the ecological security level of Dalian Bay coastal zone by implementing precise control and remediation, strengthening marine industry and export-oriented economy, and strengthening land-based pollution control and ecological restoration.
• A comparative study on the attractiveness of domestic island tourism based on tourist perception

  DONG Zhiwen, JIA Junbo, QI Yue

  2026, 48(1): 220-228. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.025

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Islands are favored by tourists because of their distance from the hustle and bustle and the beauty of ocean. Natural islands with high resource endowments have become global tourism hotspots, and domestic islands also have a huge opportunity and potential of taking over outbound island tourism to domestic. Here we select five domestic island tourism destinations, namely Changshan Island (Miaodao Islands), Chongming Island, Zhoushan Islands, Gulangyu Island and Wuzhizhou Island as the researching areas, and adopt the literature research, online text analysis and comparative analysis as the methods, and the text data from the perspective of tourist perception to construct an island tourism attractiveness evaluation index system which includes 10 first-level characteristics and 27 second-level indicators. We used the hierarchical process to determine the weight of the index, construct the island tourism attractiveness model, calculate the tourism attractiveness value of the five case island indicators at all levels, and analyze the attractiveness of domestic island tourism destinations based on the two-factor theory. The result showed that (1) landscape scenery accounts for the highest proportion while unique human resources play an important role for islands to overcome seasonal constraints in terms of overall attractiveness; (2) the hierarchical structure of China's island tourism products is not perfect; (3) most islands are still weak in infrastructure development and lack the participation of local communities in the development process; (4) the accessibility of islands, tourism costs and tourism services also affect tourists' choice of travel to varying degrees. In response to our findings, we recommend to plan and develop high-end islands to create special tourism IPs for islands; develop deeply the characteristic projects to enrich the diversity of island tourism products; attach importance to sustainable development and community participation of islands; locate the motivation of island tourists, strengthen publicity and promotion; improve infrastructure, develop smart tourism; introduce, train and manage innovative talents, and improve services.
• A comparative research between projected and perceived images of Weizhou Island tourism destination

  LIU Xiaoli, WANG Miao

  2026, 48(1): 229-238. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.026

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  We conducted a comparative study between the projected and perceived images of Weizhou Island through content analysis and social network analysis. The research showed that (1) the projected image focuses on the tourism environment and tourism resources, and emphasizes the promotion of the overall image of Weizhou Island while the perceived image highlights the external elements and endowments such as geological and landform and island environment, the activity of tourism activities and tourism environment and the acquisition and expression of inner experience; (2) both projected and perceived images showed obvious power exponential distribution characteristics, and experiential characteristics of the long tail in the perceptual image curve are particularly obvious; (3) network centralization trend of the projected image is not obvious,the interaction within the subgroup is weak, and perceived image subgroups have strong internal interaction, and the correlation among subgroup is relatively high; (4) emotional analysis of perceived image showed positive emotions overall while negative emotions are mostly concentrated on tourism management and services. Accordingly, we propose to strengthen the publicity of tourism activities and develop characteristic tourism products; introduce PGC content to guide and correct tourists′ perception image; strengthen the construction of infrastructure and improve the quality of tourism security; strengthen the standardized management of scenic spots, scenic spots and island tourism practitioners.
• Research Review
• A preliminary study on carbon sink pathways and an estimation of artificially cultured kelp

  WANG Zhidong, ZHANG Mingliang, LI Bin, YU Ning, XIE Chuangye, SUN Guiqin, HU Shunxin, QIN Huawei, ZHAO Yuting, XIE Weijun

  2026, 48(1): 239-244. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.027

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The ocean is a huge carbon pool, and the seaweed in the ocean fix a large amount of carbon throughtheir photosynthesis. As one of the representative artificial large seaweeds, the yield of cultured kelp (Saccharina japonica) ranks first among the existing seaweed species in China. The area and yield of cultured kelp showed a steady growth from 2009 to 2021. Whether the removable carbon from cultured kelp is a carbon sink, and the kelp storage carbon sink is low are controversial; however, strengthening the research on the carbon sink ways of cultured kelp is of great theoretical and practical significances. The carbon sink of cultured kelp includes storage carbon and removable carbon. The storage carbon can be divided into dissolved organic carbon (DOC) which forms inert dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through microbial pumps, and particulate organic carbon (POC) which eventually forms low activity sedimentary carbon, inert particulate organic carbon, and inert dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through biological pumps and microbial pumps. Removable carbon can be calculated from kelp production and kelp carbon content. Removable carbon can be accounted for from kelp production and its carbon content, and the ratio of removable to stored carbon is 19:6. Compared with the existing blue carbon mangroves systems, the seaweed beds and salt marsh wetlands, the carbon sink of cultured kelp has the advantages like low labor cost and easiness of implementation.
• Researches on the fishery cooperation between China and south Pacific island countries in the context of belt and road initiative

  CHU Xiaolin, LIU Qian, WANG Lei

  2026, 48(1): 245-253. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.028

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  For China and Pacific island countries, fisheries are important matters associating with national economy, people's livelihood, national security, diplomatic relations and international status. China is the world largest fishery country. Ocean fishery has distinctive foreign-related and highly internationalized characteristics, which not only affects the strategic advancement of the belt and road initiative of China and maritime power, but also relates to our diplomatic relations with other countries, international maritime discourse, power of influence of major countries and other national rights and interests. The south Pacific island region is one of the important operating areas for the ocean fishing industry of China and an important ocean fishing industry partner of China. However, the image of China as a responsible fishing power has been frequently questioned and challenged in the international community. Currently, there are still shortcomings in fishery cooperation with south Pacific island countries, which include poor connection of fishery cooperation strategies, low levels of cooperation areas, a lack of mutual support in international organizations among others. Based on the feasibility of deepening fishery cooperation, and in view of the internal and external reasons for the insufficient cooperation between China and the south Pacific island countries, China should seize the opportunity of fishery cooperation with the south Pacific island countries, quickly connect the strategies between countries, strengthen cooperation in the conservation of fishery resources, and deepen fishery cultural exchanges, to jointly promote the high-quality development of the belt and road and the reform of global marine governance system.
• Research progress on the deterioration law and mechanism of reclaimed water reuse in landscape water

  SHAN Xin, LI Chenguang, CHEN Lin, SHI He, GAO Shuaiqiang, LI Fengmin, ZHENG Hao, ZHANG Xueqing, GAO Junhai

  2026, 48(1): 254-263. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.029

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  In the context of global water scarcity, the utilization of reclaimed water to replenish landscape water is an effective way to alleviate the water shortage. However, the water quality may deteriorate in the process of reclaimed water reuse. In order to illuminate the water quality deterioration mechanism, this review summarized from the following four aspects: organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus, biological, other physical and chemical indexes. The results showed that all factors of excessive nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient, slower velocity, longer hydraulic retention time, suitable temperature and light intensity could stimulate the growth of algae and microbial, resulting in the increase of chlorophyll a, organic matter, and turbidity in water. Furthermore, both endogenous pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus released from sediment and exogenous pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus deposition from atmosphere could stimulate the growth of algae in water, thus accelerating the water quality deterioration of landscape water. In short, this paper provided scientific reference for the water quality management of landscape replenished with reclaimed water.
• Application of environmental DNA technology in water ecosystem research

  HUANG Qianhao, YUAN Yufan, CHEN Shaozhou, XI Mei, DU Fengfeng, LI Bei, LIANG Yu, LIU Xiaojing, YAO Dongrui

  2026, 48(1): 264-270. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.030

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Due to the intensification of human activities, the function of water ecosystem is degraded, and the aquatic biodiversity is seriously threatened. For aquatic ecosystems such as oceans, lakes and rivers, it is of great significance to investigate the species diversity and biomass of aquatic organisms for the monitoring and scientific evaluation of aquatic ecosystems. The environmental DNA (eDNA) can be collected from environmental samples such as water and sediment. The eDNA technology, which is a useful supplement to large-scale biodiversity survey, can effectively monitor the biological species, biomass and spatial-temporal distribution in the water environment by high-throughput sequencing. Due to the advantage of environmental friendliness, easy sampling and high sensitivity, eDNA technology has captured widespread attention, and it has been extensively applied in the field of aquatic ecosystem for recent years. Accordingly, this manuscript focused on the technical principle and operation process of eDNA technology. In addition, the research progress and typical cases of eDNA technology in the assessment of species diversity and biomass in oceans or lakes were summarized. Furthermore, the key factors affecting the resolution and universality of eDNA technology was identified. The application and development of eDNA technology in marine, lake, river and other water ecosystems were also prospected, in order to provide technical reference for the application of eDNA technology in water ecosystems.
• A review on the international research of payment for marine ecosystem: a potential semantic analysis based on LDA topic model

  YANG Yang, QIAN Yixin, WU Mingjia

  2026, 48(1): 271-278. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.031

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The construction of payment for marine ecosystem service (PMES) system is a key movement to high-quality development of the marine economy, harmonious relationship between humans and the sea and balanced interests between marine stakeholders. It is necessary to systematically sort out the advanced progress, ideas, methods and trends of global PMES published in international authoritative journals. In this study, we introduced the basic connotation and conceptual changes of PMES, which showed the trend from focusing on market-led to focusing on government-led. We classifies 168 English papers into the relevant researching areas and summarizes progress, methods and trends of each category. We used the LDA topic model to find potential topics of texts, so as to find a concealed line. We found that (1) the theoretical research on PMES is weak and cannot appear as a single concealed theme; (2) the role of the government is more important in the valuation and case study of PMES; (3) valuation is still the absolute mainstream of the PMES research, in which three subcategories occupy a concealed theme, respectively. We suggest (1) to pay more attention to willing to pay in complex and dynamic situations; (2) attach importance to the role and behavior of government and bring the government back; (3) strengthen the scientific and technological support in valuation of PMES, not only focus on valuation methods based on overall and systematic market price, but also enhance the special pricing abilities.
• Research progresses of organic carbon and heavy metals in seagrass beds

  ZHAO Xiaoming, LIANG Tengfei, HU Hong, ZHANG Xueqing, HONG Bo, SHEN Jiafeng

  2026, 48(1): 279-286. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2026.01.032

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The seagrass bed ecosystems of coastal wetlands have important ecological functions in slowing down water flow, purifying water and fixing carbon. In this paper, the carbon sink effect, heavy metal absorption and enrichment effect of seagrass beds are reviewed, the sources of organic carbon in seagrass beds, the absorption, transferring and tolerance mechanisms of seagrass heavy metals are explored, the impact of seagrass on the distribution of heavy metals in sediments, and the potential application of seagrass as indicator species of heavy metals in the environment are analyzed, and the environmental factors affecting the accumulation of organic carbon are explained. The research prospects on the carbon sink estimation of seagrass bed, seagrass monitoring and management, heavy metal form, source and ecological risk analyses, interaction studies between sediment organic carbon and heavy metals, and application potential of seagrass as the pioneer species of ecological restoration are put forward.