The mid-latitude northwest Pacific Ocean is the high incidence area of sea fog, and it is also the way for China to reach the Arctic sea. However, due to the few observations at sea, the understanding of the formation mechanism of sea fog is limited. From September 12 to 14, 2019, the research ship "Xiangyanghong 1" recorded a sea fog event in the Oyashio extension area. In this paper, the formation mechanism of the sea fog was studied mainly by numerical simulation, numerical experiment and observations from scientific research ships. The results showed that: (1) The sea fog occurred in the warm area of the extratropical cyclone, and the warm front of the synoptic scale advanced to the north, forming a large range of front inversion over the cold water of the Oyashio extension providing favorable weather background conditions for the development of the clouds/fog. (2) The atmospheric boundary layer above the cold water side of the ocean front (sea surface temperature front) was a "double inversion" structure. The superposition of subsiding inversions and frontal inversions caused by the subsiding branch of the local low-level secondary circulation forced by ocean front was an important reason for the formation of the "double inversion". The numerical results showed that with the smoothed ocean front, the strength of the sinking branch of the secondary circulation in the boundary layer was weakened, the scope of the "double inversion" structure disappeared, and the scope of the fog area was significantly reduced. (3) Both temperature and humidity in the fog rose, but the actual water vapor pressure rose faster than saturated water vapor pressure, the humidification effect was greater than the warming effect, which was obviously different from the cooling and humidification dominance of sea fog in spring and in summer in the Yellow Sea. This study revealed one of the reasons why sea fog tends to occur on the cold side of the ocean front in the open ocean, which can provide a new theoretical support for sea fog forecast.

According to the measured wave data from September 2018 to August 2019 in the sea area of western Guangdong, this paper mainly studied the characteristics of wave variation, and the joint distribution of wave height and period and wave type distribution characteristics month by month. The differences in the wave spectrum for different typhoon waves were explored. The results showed that the maximum wave height was 14.7 m, which caused by typhoon “Mangkut”, and the maximum monthly average significant wave height was 1.6 m in December. There were more wind waves in winter,and the swells accounted only 38%. While in other seasons, swells accounted for more than 60%. There were obvious differences in wave spectrum type, peak frequency and frequency range during the transit of typhoon “Mangkut” and “Baijat”. The wave type was mixed wave, in which the swell and wind wave predominated respectively. The research results could provide references for marine disaster prevention and reduction, ocean environmental assessment and ocean engineering design.

The submerged breakwater is mainly used for coastal protection due to its function of eliminating waves, so that the beach from the submerged embankment to the shoreline is subject to less wave impact. The traditional submerged breakwater is mainly composed of trapezoidal or vertical wall sections. The movement of the wave particles hits the embankment which breaks the waves. However, it faces the problem of erosion and damage due to the strong action of the water in front of the embankment on the foundation and the embankment. If the cross section of the submerged breakwater is designed as a concave curved surface, the water quality points of the waves will come along the curved surface of the breakwater to impact the upper water body to achieve the function of wave attenuation, and at the same time, the impact on the foundation and the breakwater will be reduced, so that the cross section size of the submerged breakwater will be reduced and the safety will be ensured. In order to explore the wave dissipation performance of the concave curved submerged embankment and the rectangular vertical submerged embankment under different wave heights and water depths, an indoor model test was carried out in a wave tank. The results showed that: the shape of the headwind surface had a significant influence on the wave elimination effect of the submerged embankment. The influence of wave height and water depth factors was smaller than that of rectangular vertical embankment.

The high-resolution COSMO model in climate mode (CCLM) was used to simulate the 3-hour wave characteristics in the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. The simulation results for the base period (from 1979 to 2005) were compared with the wave characteristics changes from 2021 to 2050 under the RCP2.6 scenario. The results showed that the average annual wave height increased from the northwest Bohai Sea to the middle and east Yellow Sea. The average annual wave height increased the most in the middle and east Yellow Sea, and decreased in the east China Sea. In terms of the average annual cycle, most of the sea areas in the East China Sea were in a decreasing trend, and the decrease in the central and eastern parts could reach more than 0.02 s, while most of the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea were in an increasing trend. The results could provide better climate change prediction data for the east China seas, and provided scientific basis for assessing the impact of future climate change and putting forward adaptive measures.

As a key area of land-sea interaction, flow and sediment play an important role in material transport in the estuary. Based on the multi-time-space measured hydrology and suspended sediment data of the Oujiang estuary, the characteristics of tidal current and suspended sediment were analyzed, and the harmonic analysis method was used to the quantitative separation of suspended sediment concentration (SSC). The results showed that the SSC was mainly controlled by the resuspension effect during the observation period, and the residual flow and suspended sediment flux were seaward transport. The temporal and spatial variation of bed shear stress was one of the main dynamic mechanisms of the ‘lag effect' of suspended sediment, which showed that the phase of suspended sediment lagged behind the phase of flow velocity for about 2 h, resulting in the peak values of SSC at the slack times.

In the development of marine resources, the effects of internal solitary waves and ocean currents on the structural foundation of the constructed offshore platform cannot be ignored, and the load characteristics of the structural foundation under the combined action of the two are particularly complex. In this paper, the fluid simulation program FLOW-3D based on the finite difference method and the source term method were used to generate waves and boundary conditions to generate flow. The hydrodynamic load on the cylinder under the action of the steady flow direction and the characteristics of the surrounding flow field under the action of the internal solitary wave were studied. The results showed that: (1) By comparing the theoretical solution of the internal solitary wave with the numerical solution of the steady flow at different velocities, it is found that the steady flow directly affected the waveform of the internal solitary wave; (2) The flow velocity of the steady flow would cause the propagation of the internal solitary wave; (3) The increase of the amplitude of the inner solitary wave or the increase of the steady flow velocity would lead to the increase of the resultant force on the cylinder, and the force of the wave in the same direction was greater than that in the opposite direction of the wave.

In order to realize all-day and all-weather wave observation at low cost, this paper proposes a design scheme of a gravitational wave gauge based on MEMS attitude sensor. The wave gauge collects original signal through attitude sensors including a three-axis accelerometer, a three-axis gyroscope, and a three-axis geomagnetometer, and converts the coordinate system through the quaternion method to obtain the vertical acceleration signal, and uses the Fourier transform to convert the time-domain acceleration signal into a frequency-domain signal for quadratic integration to obtain the wave height data, and completes the analysis of the wave eigenvalues by the upper-span zero point method. A wave simulation device was used to conduct a simulated wave measurement experiment, and compare the full wave height data measured by the self-developed wave gauge with the standard sine function, and to analyze the indication error of the wave eigenvalues. The results showed that the indication error met the first-level accuracy. Finally, a comparison experiment of marine wave measurement was carried out with the SBY1-1 wave gauge in the offshore area of Rongcheng city, and the wave measurement results were strongly correlated. Experiments showed that the wave gauge could stably and accurately complete the task of ocean wave measurement.

The data of cross-calibrated multi-platform (CCMP) (1991—2020) wind field were used as the background wind field to reconstruct the wind field in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea for 30 years. By comparison, the observed wind field and the reconstructed wind field were in good agreement. Using the reconstructed wind field data to drive the SWAN model, the calculated significant wave height and the measured data at the Caofeidian station were in good agreement. Based on the calculation results of SWAN, the wave elements of the 10-year return period were calculated to provide input boundary conditions for MIKE21 SW model. By calculating the wave fields near the fishing ports, the hidden dangers of marine disasters in ten fishing ports in Tangshan were analyzed. The results showed that there were no hidden dangers of marine disasters in the ten fishing ports in Tangshan, but there were potential marine disaster risks in Xindaihe fishing port.

In this paper, the breakup, reflection and polarity transformation of internal waves propagating over the seabed were simulated in the flume, based on the topography of the South China Sea. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the evolution of the internal waves along the bottom topography were conducted by application of the dyeing technique and high-speed image recording system. It was found that the energy dissipation of internal waves was related to the ridge heights and the distance between the two submarine ridges. The amplitudes (a) of the internal waves decreased after two ridges, but grew larger when propagating up the slope prior to polarity transformation. The waveforms observed in the experiments matched well with the KdV theory predictions for small wave amplitude cases. For an internal wave of medium size of amplitude, the experimental results were in between the KdV and mKdV theory predictions. For large wave amplitude cases (a/H>0.09), the results were more consistent with the mKdV theory.

The species composition, dominant species, abundance, biomass, biodiversity and community structure of polychaetes were analyzed based on the data collected from Yellow Sea in spring (April and May) of 2014. A total of 110 polychaete species in 67 genera, 37 families, were collected. The mean abundance and mean biomass of polychaetes were 1362 inds./m² and 6.92 g/m², respectively, in spring. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') was 3.94. The dominant species were Mediomastus californiensis, Ampharete acutifrons, Sternaspis scutate, Terebellides stromii and Sigambra bassi in the surveyed area. It was shown that the abundance of polychaetes was higher in the western part than in the central and eastern parts. The distribution of polychaetes mainly was affected by sediment type and water depth.

Scomber japonicus is one of the main target species of fishery in northwest Pacific. Its resource recruitment often fluctuates significantly due to the impact of climate change and other factors. To study the impact of climate change on the change of S. japonicus resource northwest Pacific, and analyze the general change rules of transportation distribution and resource recruitment under abnormal climate conditions, the individual based early ecological dynamics model of S. japonicus in northwest Pacific was used to simulate the distribution and recruitment of S. japonicus resource in northwest Pacific from 1997 to 2010. The differences of transport and distribution paths and changes of recruitment amount of larvae fish under different climatic conditions in El Niño year (2002), normal climate year (2006) and La Niña year (2010) were compared. The simulation results showed that the resource distribution and recruitment of S. japonicus in northwest Pacific have fluctuated significantly in the simulated 14 years, and the resource distribution and recruitment of S. japonicus resource are different under different climatic conditions. our findings indicated that the changes of marine environments including temperature, ocean current among others caused by climate change impact the resource of S. japonicus.

Xiong'an new area is a millennium plan and it is a great national event. The lake Baiyangdian, located in the central-south part of Xiong'an new area, plays a regulating role in the weather, climate, and water resources in both the local and the North China region due to its lake effects. This study analyzed the multi-scale variations in the land-lake breeze characteristics in different areas of the lake Baiyangdian using observations of 13 stations in the lake and its surroundings. The meteorological and statistical methods were applied. The results showed that the land-lake breeze phenomenon existed in all areas, with alternating wind directions between day and night in 2023. On average, the mean wind speeds at the stations near the lake in both the v-direction (north-south) and the u-direction (east-west) exhibited an obvious out-of-phase feature. The maximum lake breeze reached 0.5 m/s and typically occurred in the afternoon (13:00-16:00), while the maximum land breeze was 0.4 m/s and appears in the morning (6:00-09:00). In general, the lake breeze was stronger than the land breeze, with the lake breezes in the northern and eastern parts of the lake Baiyangdian being stronger and lasting longer than those in the southern, western, and central regions. Within the lake, the v-direction lake breeze formed one hour later than in the u-direction, and the northern area's lake breeze was the strongest, reaching 0.5 m/s. In the Xiong'an north urban area, which was farther from the lake, a distinct land-lake breeze pattern was observed in the v-direction, whereas it was less pronounced in the u-direction. Anxin experiences the earliest land-lake breeze, and Rongcheng the latest, with the maximum lake breezes ranging from 0.6 to 0.7 m/s, which were stronger than those in both the lake interior and the areas near the lake. Significant monthly and seasonal variations also existed in the land-lake breeze, which was the strongest from January to June, followed by October to December, and weakest from July to September. Spring was the strongest, followed by winter, and relatively weak in summer and autumn. A specific land-lake breeze case from April 18 to 19, 2023, along with Xiong'an Ruisi real-time field data, showed consistent results with the general characteristics of land-lake breeze, highlighting the alternating wind directions between day and night and the increase in wind speed across different areas of the lake Baiyangdian.

The application of drones and VR (virtual reality) technology in the teaching is a trend. The landform of rocky coast in the Shilaoren area in Qingdao, China, was taken as a case in this paper, to create the VR spherical panorama of the bedrock coastal landform with a UAV and field work. Firstly, the types, features and evolution of bedrock coastal landform in the Shilaoren area were generalized. Secondly, the production steps and key technology of the VR spherical panorama of bedrock coastal landform were presented. Finally, a VR spherical panorama of bedrock coastal landform with functions of non-contact, immersion, and remote interactive operation, was created. In addition, the influence of tide and wave on panorama making and its solution were discussed. Through online and offline teaching practices, the VR spherical panorama of bedrock coastal landform had proven to be a beneficial tool for class teaching, arousing great interests and getting high recognition. Besides online teaching, this VR spherical panorama could also be applied to ocean science popularization and ocean tourism.

The storm surge flooding numerical model was based on the ADCIRC model. The computation of submergence on the typhoon and extratropical storm surge was proceed. Combing the results from the computation and the astronomical tides, the hazard distribution can be defined. The vulnerability analysis was determined by the land use types. With the hazard distribution and the vulnerability, the risk assessment and zoning of storm surge disaster were carried out. It was shown that the influence from the typhoon storm surges was greater than the extratropical storm surges. And the area of risk under the influence 955 hPa typhoon storm surge was 646.67 square kilometers that was the biggest. The seven littoral towns were all in the risk area. The results were meaning for raising the emergency response & recover capability.

The starting flow rate and erosion resistance of the soil bed surface composed of cohesive sediment and non-cohesive sediment particles were important factors in studying the stability of the bottom bed surface of hydraulic buildings such as rivers and open channel. In this study, the starting flow rate and erosion resistance of the reshaped sediment samples were explored by the laboratory test, based on the cohesive and non-cohesive sediment particles collected from the Yellow River delta. The results showed that the starting flow rate of the reshaped clay in the Yellow River estuary had a sudden change in the clay content between 10% and 30%. Moreover, there was a significant nonlinear relationship between the relative depth of scour pit and the overshear stress of bed surface. The dimensionless formula for calculating the relative scour depth of reshaped sediment was further derived in this study.

In this study, we analyzed the hourly precipitation observation data collected at 7 national basic ground stations and 144 densely-distributed automatic weather stations in Qingdao region from 2006 to 2017, in combination with the NCEP/NCAR global analysis products (FNL). Our analysis focused on the features of circulation backgrounding the hourly heavy rainfall events. The results showed that Qingdao experiences the hourly heavy rainfall events three times each year in average with the highest number in July and August. The spatial distribution of the hourly heavy rainfall event frequency is closely related to terrain. The large value area located along the windward slope of mountain area, and the small value area located along the coast of Jiaozhou Bay. The main influencing systems on the hourly heavy rainfall events included westerly trough, cold vortex in northeastern China, low-pressure vortex or inverted trough, typhoons and their interactions with small- and medium-scale systems. The range of heavy precipitation produced by different large-scale weather systems varied significantly; local and small-scale hourly heavy rainfall events were mainly caused by the western trough and the low-pressure vortex or inverted trough while regional and large-scale ones were mainly caused by the low-pressure vortex or inverted trough. Multiple systems may interact each other, and “the north though and the south vortex” weather conditions were more likely to cause large-scale hourly heavy rainfall events. Various weather systems provided different large-scale backgrounds against and effects on the hourly heavy rainfall events. The warmed low-pressure vortex or inverted trough increased the ground humidity, decreased the air pressure, and weakened the stability of atmosphere. In case of cold vortex in northeastern China, the upper-level cold air mass added the instability to atmosphere. In case of typhoons, there was strong vertical updrafts and convergences of airflow which resulted in significant vertical wind and rainfalls.

The sediment is an important reservoir of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The POPs flux at the sediment-water interface not only affects the pollution status of the ocean, but also have an impact on the vertical distribution of POPs in the sediments. In this study, a vertical one-dimensional transport model of POPs in sediments was constructed, including deposition, diffusion and sorption-desorption processes. The research object is phenanthrene. The response of the vertical distribution of phenanthrene concentration in sediments to the fluxes of sediment-water interface were simulated. On this basis, the historical long-term flux of phenanthrene at the sediment-water interface was inverted by using the observed data of the vertical distribution of phenanthrene concentration in sediment in the Bohai Sea. The response of the concentration profile of phenanthrene in sediments to a specific input flux showed that the variation trend of phenanthrene in sediments was consistent with that of the input flux. The concentration profile of phenanthrene in sediments could reflect the characteristics of the input flux with time. The results of the inversion of the historical long-term flux of phenanthrene showed that the flux peak appeared around 1940 and 1950, and the flux peak ranges were 0.042~0.049 ng·m^-2·s^-1 and 0.026~0.031 ng·m^-2·s^-1, respectively.

By investigating the red tide of Phaeocystis globosa in the near coast of Rizhao City in December, 2021, the process of occurrence and disappearance of red tide of P. globosa was analyzed, and the characteristics of changes in major marine environmental factors before and after the occurrence of the red tide were discussed. Our analysis showed that the abundance of P. globosa glial vesicle at the early stage of the red tide each station varied between 20 and 60 pieces/L, and the cell abundance between 1.23×10⁷ and 1.8×10⁸cells/L. The red tide outbreak was related to abnormal weather conditions, special geographical locations, high concentrations of inorganic-N in marine areas and sudden increase labile phosphate. Chlorophyll a and silicate were positively correlated with the abundance of P. globosa cell. The red tide of P. globosa began to erupt at the water temperature 13 ℃, and the sudden temperature decrease was the main reason for the disappearance of the red tide. Our findings provided a reference to the red tide of P. globosa for early warning.

Nitrogen pollution of groundwater is a global environmental problem, and fertilization and irrigation measures are the key factors affecting nitrogen leaching. On the basis of field investigation and laboratory test, this paper quantitatively studied the distribution characteristics and leaching failure efficiency of dissolved organic nitrogen, ammonium and nitrate in the unsaturated zone by different fertilization and irrigation measures. The results showed: (1) The concentrations of dissolved organic nitrogen, ammonium and nitrate in the soil surface increased with the proportion of organic fertilizer, but in the root zone and vadose zone, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen increased with the proportion of organic fertilizer; however, the concentration distribution of dissolved organic nitrogen and ammonium was not affected by any fertilization measures; (2) Under the same irrigation amount, irrigation frequency was the main factor affecting the amount of nitrogen leaching into the ground, the lower the irrigation frequency, the higher the amount of nitrogen leaching; however, the ratio of organic fertilizer-inorganic fertilizer and the number of top dressings could only affect the amount of nitrogen leaching in the surface and root zone, and the amount of nitrogen stored in the vadose zone; (3) Only the ratio of organic fertilizer-inorganic fertilizer could affect the contribution rate of dissolved organic nitrogen and ammonium to nitrate leaching. When the proportion of organic fertilizer was 25%, 50% and 75%, the contribution rate was 32%, 50%, 71% and 31%, 23%, 13%. This study provides reliable technical support for the prevention and assessment of groundwater pollution.

Continuous degradation of coastal seagrass bed in Hainan Island needs to be solved urgently. We used the iron frame fixation method with a constant distance to transplant Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides in Xincun Port, Hainan. The repair scale was 100 transplantation units (40 T. hemprichii and 60 E. acoroides) within an area of about 1500 m2. The survival rate decreased significantly after 8 months to the the lowest in 14 months (51.25%) but increased after 16 months, reaching 67.81% after 24 months. The growth of E. acoroides was stable, and the overall trend fluctuated slightly. The average survival rate and coverage of E. acoroides were higher than those of T. hemprichii, but the average germination rate of E. acoroides was significantly lower than that of T. hemprichii. The repair effect of seagrass transplantation in Xincun Port was mainly affected by weak water exchange and macroalgal outbreaks. To ensure the restoration effect, long-term monitoring of seagrass growth should be carried out, warning signs should be set up, local fishermen should be hired to take care of the transplanted seagrass, and fence protection should be carried out. Our findings can provide basic data and theory for future seagrass restoration in other lagoon areas.

With the increase of people's demand for aquatic products, some problems have gradually emerged, which include unclear information about the origin, confusing the real with the false, shoddy among others. Stable isotopes contain abundant environmental information of origin, and they have a great application prospect in origin traceability. To protect abalone products with geographical indications and trace the origin of abalones, in this study, abalone samples were collected from Lianjiang, Changdao, Rongcheng and Dalian. The stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in gastropod muscle, muscle edge, digestive glands and gonads and mantle of abalones were analyzed on a stable isotope mass spectrometer. Origin traceability model was established through Fisher discriminant analysis, and verified with leave-one-out method. It was pointed out that the fingerprint characteristics of overall stable isotope ratios of abalones from different regions, and the recognition ability of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in different tissues to the origin traceability were evaluated. The results showed that the overall original correct discrimination rate of abalone of origin traceability is 90.5%, the correct discrimination rate of cross validation is 89.0%, and Fujian and Rongcheng regions have the best effect on abalone traceability. The correct rate of individual identification each tissue was below 80%, less than the correct rate of identification for all tissues. It was suggested that all organizations should be combined to trace the origin to improve the accuracy of origin traceability. In addition, distinguishing Lianjiang abalones from those of Rongcheng can be achieved using the traceability index of mantle alone. Our findings provided a scientific basis for establishing a new traceability system of aquatic products origin in China.

Coilia nasus is a typical anadromous migratory fish species. During offshore fattening, it is often infected by feeding on fish and shrimp parasitic with Anisakidae nematodes. The liver of C. nasus captured in Yangtze River is one of the most important attachment tissues of Anisakidae nematodes which cause visible damage to the liver of C. nasus. To screen the changes of immune proteins in the liver tissue of C. nasus caused by Anisakidae nematode infection. iTRAQ technology was used to characterize the changes of liver proteins of C. nasus caused by Anisakidae nematode infection, and explore the expression of immune pathway in C. nasus. Through the differential analysis of protein synthesis, a total of 339 differentially synthesized proteins were identified, of them 193 were up-regulated and 146 were down regulated. There were 37 differentially synthesized proteins relating to immunity, of them 9 were up-regulated and 28 were down regulated. GO and pathway enrichment analyses showed 10 immune related pathways which include phagosome, lysosome, endocytosis, autophagy animal, complement and coagulation cascade and toll like receptor signaling pathway among others. Seven immune related differentially synthesized proteins were identified, which include complement C3, C7 and C1q, MHC-Ⅰ, MHC-Ⅱ, Ig and rab-7a. The syntheses of these proteins were significantly down regulated in parasitic group. Anisakidae nematodes affect the complement cascade reaction and phagocytosis process of C. nasus by inhibiting the syntheses of immune related proteins, and escaping the host immune response.

Dosidicus gigas widely distributes in the equatorial, Peruvian and Chilean waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean, which is a key species in marine ecosystems and an important economic fishing target for Chinese squid-jigging fisheries. Based on the sea surface temperature (SST) and catch data in the range from 20° to 34.5°S and from 88.5° to 71.5°W off Chile from 2011 to 2017 in summer (December-February) and autumn (March-May), we analyzed the temporal and spatial change in the center of gravity of the squid fishery off the coast of Chile each year, and explored the relationship between the change of the gravity center of the squid fishery and the SST in the fishery and its response to abnormal climate events. We found that there are significant seasonal and interannual changes in the center of gravity of squid fishery off the coast of Chile, three clusters in the center of gravity of the fishery in different years, and significant seasonal differences in the frequency distribution of fishing effort in summer and autumn in terms of longitude, latitude and SST. Compared to the El Niño year, 2015, the SST off Chile was low in 2014. The most suitable temperature of D. gigas shifted southeastward, correspondingly, the gravity center of fishing ground of D. gigas moved in southeast direction with a larger suitable habitats. Our findings showed that there are significant seasonal and interannual changes in the spatial and terrestrial distribution of D. gigas fisheries off Chile, which is significantly affected by climate variability.

To investigate the influence of the number of sampling stations on the accuracy of the fishery resource survey along southern Zhejiang offshore, the influence of the number of stations on fish community resources, the absolute dominant species resources and the species detection rate in each season was compared based on bottom trawl survey data in southern Zhejiang offshore in February, May, August and November, 2019, with computer simulation methods, and the optimal number of stations for fishery resource survey in southern Zhejiang offshore was estimated. The results showed that seasonal differences significantly affect the sampling accuracy of fish communities with the same number of sites. The seasonal coefficient of variation (CV) of fish richness sampling ranged from spring to autumn and then to winter and summer, and the relative estimation error (REE) and relative bias (RB) varied seasonally, autumn was larger than spring, then winter and finally summer. The species detection rate was also different seasonally, therefore, different numbers of stations were required for the detection rate of a species among different seasons. Changes in studying population influenced the optimal number of sites. In spring, the ranges of variation of CV, REE and RB of Trichiurus lepturus were significantly wider than those of Benthosema pterotum, and the optimal number of sites should be adjusted according to the actual survey needs. Under the premise of choosing REE = 10% as the asymptotic value for determining the optimal number of sampling sites, and by considering the quantified results of community resources, community dominant species resources and species detection rate each season, the optimal number of offshore sites of trawl fishery resources in southern Zhejiang was 27 in spring, 24 in summer and autumn and 26 in winter.

Temperature is one of the important environmental factors affecting the physiological function of organisms. With the intensification of global warming, heat stress induced by high temperature has become another emerging topic at home and abroad in recent years. The shrimp aquaculture industry plays an important role in the aquaculture industry of China. Its output has ranked the world first for 23 years. Shrimp prefers to grow at high temperature but the high water temperature causes heat stress, influencing negatively its growth and development, reproduction, physiological metabolism among others, and seriously threating shrimp aquaculture industry. Therefore, it is of a great significance to study the effect of heat stress on shrimp. In this review, the adaptation strategies of main cultured shrimp species to heat stress in China, as well as the effects of heat stress on shrimp survival, body oxidation level and intestinal flora were investigated. The response mechanisms of energy metabolism, heat shock response and unfolded protein response were analyzed to provide a reference for the healthy breeding of shrimp and the development of new breeding models.

In this study, we described the status of the basic fishery research using bibliometrics and competitiveness index. We found that the breadth and depth of fishery research have been broadening and deepening, and the quality of literatures has also been increasing. So far, a large number of fishery research institutes are running, and the literatures published by American federal research institutes and Japanese public research institutes exhibited a high quality. The influence of their literatures stayed also ahead of other countries. In addition, the publications of China and the citations of these publications in fishery are constantly increasing, and have transcended four benchmarking countries, the United States, Japan, Australia and Canada, for a time. Besides, there is still a gap in the efficiency index of scientific research resources between China and these benchmarking countries. Our findings should aid to deepen our understanding of the competition situation in basic fishery research among various countries, and provide some theoretical and practical implications for the formulation of relevant fishery science and technology policies.

Marine fishery transformation is an important initiative for achieving fishery sustainability in China. It can protect the richness and diversity of marine fishery resources, promote the technological innovation in marine fishery, optimize the marine fishery industry structure, ensure the supply of seafood products, and aid to coastal fishermen in dual-transform. In light of the current challenges faced by marine fishery transformation of China in such areas as industrial foundation, industry structure, research and development, human resources, and institutional framework, the recommended pathways include 1) strengthening safeguard measures, and improving the market regulation system with sustainable development as the goal; 2) conducting high-quality marine aquaculture and vigorously developing distant-water fishery with supports from marine science and technology; 3) encouraging recreational fishery, and extending the fishery industry chain with focus on the secondary and tertiary industries of fisheries; and 4) developing the coastal fishing villages with priority given to the ecology and community development with the initiative for dual-transform for fishermen.

Promoting the transformation of fishermen's livelihood based on the non-agricultural employment of rural labor is the top priority of governmental decision-making departments and research community. Based on the three-dimensional framework of buffering-self-organizing-learning constructed based on the theory of “livelihood resilience” and combined with two methods of necessary condition analysis (NCA) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fs/QCA), the key driving conditions, action paths and differences among Jiangsu Provincial sample locations of non-agricultural employment choices of fishermen were analyzed from a perspective of configuration. (1) A single condition cannot constitute a necessary condition to explain fishermen's non-agricultural employment choices; however, earning ability, especially skill training, plays an important role in non-agricultural employment of fishermen. (2) Buffering, self-organization and learning ability are coordinated and concurrent. We explored and proposed three adaptation paths towards promoting non-agricultural employment of fishermen, namely, the adaptation mode explained by independent learning ability, the joint explanation by learning and self-organization ability. The adaptation model explained by buffering and self-organization ability drives the choice of fishermen's livelihood strategies in the same way. (3) In further comparison between sample districts and counties of Jiangsu Province, it was found that the difference in factor endowments makes the development paths of fishermen's non-agricultural employment very different. Based on the advantages of local resources and the characteristics of the fishermen, the government should comprehensively consider the combination of multiple conditions under the overall perspective, and form a diversified realization path for fishermen to shift to employment.

“Ten-year fishing ban” in Yangtze River Basin is a national strategy. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has been leading the establishment of an inter-provincial coordination mechanism management of Yangtze River Estuary. By setting up the no-catch management area in Yangtze River Estuary, pilot projects for collaborative governance have been implemented, which are running effectively. However, in the process of operation, there are tensions between territorial management based on “boundary demarcation” and cross-domain governance based on “boundary breaking”, leading to the dilemma in subject, ownership, process and resource guarantee, either directly or indirectly, in the practice of collaborative governance. Based on the in-depth analysis of organizational structure changes, regional and functional division, inertia of territorial management and departmental management, financial system and management mode, we proposed a reasonable absorption and functional activation of collaborative governance subjects, appropriate design of nested responsibility realization mechanism and law enforcement standards, and “unified” and “divided” law enforcement. The specific paths towards breaking the dilemma are proposed, which include the rational absorption and functional activation of collaborative governance subjects, the appropriate design of nested responsibility realization mechanism and law enforcement standards, the adequate coupling of “unified” and “divided” law enforcement mechanisms, and the diversification of law enforcement resources extraction and deployment.

The conservation and management of shark resources is an important part of global fishery resources governance. With the continuous decline of shark resources in the world, the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission, as one of the five major tuna regional fisheries management organizations in the world, has also paid increasing attention to the conservation and management of shark resources. From 2005 to 2022, the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission adopted a total of 17 resolutions on the conservation and management of shark resources, and the fishery management systems formulated, which include mandatory data statistics requirements, fishing vessel position regulation among others, and greatly ensured the effective implementation of the resolutions. Based on the analysis of the current situation of the conservation and management of shark resources, in this paper, we pointed out the future development trend of shark resources, which includes strengthening the statistics of shark data, stricter conservation and management measures, increasingly strengthening fishery management cooperation, and assuming greater responsibility of flag states. These developments are of great significances to form a shark resources conservation and management system with the guiding concept of promoting the balance between the scientific and rational development and utilization of shark resources and the healthy and sustainable development.

Under the background of the goal of "emission peak and carbon neutrality" and power shortage, new energy is a significant problem for China's sustained development. As an inevitable choice, nuclear power plants (NPPs) have ushered in a period of rapid development. However, the operation of NPPs requires large amounts of water resources as cooling water and produces continuous thermal pollution, impingement and entrainment effect simultaneously, which may produce significant impacts on the receiving water body. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to understand the negative effects of the NPPs construction on aquatic ecosystem. Previous studies proved that the water intake and drainage of circulating cooling water affected the ecological environment balance of the adjacent sea area, emerged some ecological problems such as ecological disasters, and caused the evolution of the regional ecological environment. It is not easy to describe the long-term ecological impacts of the construction and operation period of the NPPs on the coastal areas. Specifically, this review comprehensively elaborated on how circulating cooling water and thermal discharge affects the marine ecological environment, aiming to provide substantial scientific support for the ecological and safe use of coastal nuclear power, long-term reliable utilization of nuclear power, and the monitoring and protection of the marine ecological environment in China.

Spartina alterniflora, introduced to China for coastal protection early, exhibits wave attenuation, sediment accretion, and carbon sequestration functions. However, its widespread invasion significantly impacts the ecological environment of coastal estuaries and intertidal zones in China. In this paper, we reviewed the research findings in the dispersal mechanisms, spatial distribution characteristics, influencing factors, ecological impacts on intertidal environments, carbon sink characteristics, and management measures of S. alterniflora communities. We explored the interactions between S. alterniflora communities and intertidal habitats, proposed ecological management measures, and provided a theoretical support for assessing the ecological impacts of the invasive plants in coastal intertidal zones and formulating ecological restoration measures.