10 February 2024, Volume 46 Issue 1

    

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• Research Papers
• Analysis of temporal and spatial changes of wind speed and significant wave height in the South Atlantic based on ERA5

  XIA Wusong, WEI Yongliang, LU Hengxing, ZHOU Nan

  2024, 46(1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.001

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Based on the monthly average wind speed and significant wave height of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 from 1979 to 2019, the temporal and spatial characteristics of wind speed and significant wave height were analyzed. The Mann-Kendall test method was used to analyze its inter-annual variation and the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis method was used to study the spatial distribution characteristics. The results showed that: (1) The wind direction of the South Atlantic Ocean rotated counter clock wise with 30°S and 10°W as the center. The areas with high wind speed were mainly controlled by the southeast trade wind belt and the west wind belt, and the low value areas were controlled by the subtropical high and low pressure zone. The wind speed in winter was higher than other seasons, and the wind speed and wind direction distribution throughout the year were related to the seasonal changes of the weather system. (2) There was a strong correlation between wind speed and significant wave height, and both of them were distributed in a zonal ring shape. The overall significant wave height was the largest in winter and smaller in summer. (3) Mann-Kendall test results showed that the inter-annual variation of wind speed and significant wave height both showed an upward trend. The wind speed had abrupt changes around 2006 and 2009, and the significant wave was higher than around 1994 and had abrupt changes. (4) The first mode of EOF of the wind speed showed that the trade wind belt-westerly belt and the subtropical high belt-low pressure belt were distributed in the opposite pattern. The wind speed of the former showed a significant upward trend, and the latter showed a downward trend. The first modal of EOF of the significant wave height showed that the significant wave height variability in the north sea area of 60°S was the positive phase, and the south was the negative phase. The significant wave height in the positive phase region had a significant increasing trend, and the significant wave height in the negative phase region had a significant decreasing trend.
• A comparative study on wave attenuation performance of double-flat-plate and double-arc-plate breakwaters

  XIE Tian, LI Xueyan, PENG Jing, QU Honghong, XIE Xiaomin, WANG Qing

  2024, 46(1): 12-20. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.002

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  To explore the similarities and differences of the wave attenuation performance between double flat plate-type (DFPT) and double arc plate-type (DAPT) open breakwaters, a numerical model of the interactions between wave and plate type open breakwater based on the Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations with the help of Fluent, and their correctness was validated by experimental results. The results showed that when D=-0.04 and 0 m, the transmitted wave energy of the DAPT open breakwater was smaller than that of the DFPT open breakwater, and the maximum percentage reduction was 71% for the 90% cases. When D=0.04 m, the transmitted wave energy of the DAPT open breakwater was larger than that of the DFPT open breakwater, and the maximum increase was 82%. Under the various submergence conditions, reflected wave energy of the DAPT open breakwater was smaller than that of the DFPT open breakwater. Under the different submergence condition, the dissipated wave energy of the DAPT open breakwater was larger than that of the DFPT open breakwater, and the dissipated wave energy of the two open breakwaters increased as W/L increased. By comprehensively considering the transmitted, reflected and dissipated wave energy for the two types of open breakwaters, when placed at or above the still water surface, the DAPT open breakwater was found to exhibit higher wave dissipation performance than the DFPT open breakwater. In engineering practice, DAPT open breakwaters submerged at suitable depths could be selected based on the specific water conditions.
• Spatio-temporal variations of Secchi disk depth in coastal waters of the South China Sea from VIIRS observations

  HUANG Xiaohan, LOU Quansheng, WANG Meng, SU Wen, JIANG Guangjia

  2024, 46(1): 21-30. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.003

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Water transparency is an important ecological indicator for evaluating the underwater light field, which determines the biological, physical and chemical processes in waters. Based on the field measurements from case I and case II waters, the effect of Secchi disk depth on remote sensing reflectance of water was performed to develop a Secchi disk depth estimation algorithm for coastal waters of the South China Sea. The optical model, validated by using local data in October 2015, was used with monthly VIIRS data from 2013 to 2016 to assess the temporal and spatial variability of the Secchi disk depth in coastal waters of the South China Sea. Furthermore, a comparison of VIIRS and MODIS for monitoring marine environment was performed in this study. Results demonstrated that the Secchi disk depth highly controlled the remote sensing reflectance of water at bands of 488 and 555 nm. A reflected peak was found at 555 nm when the Secchi disk depth higher than 5.3 m, while on the condition of the Secchi disk depth lower than 5.3 m, the peak moved to the waveband of 488 nm. The band ratio of VIIRS, R_rs (488)/R_rs (555), was highly correlated to the Secchi disk depth in coastal waters of the South China Sea, which was then applied to the calibrated VIIRS images and found that the Secchi disk depth was higher in the offshore than nearshore and also in the east than west. Compared to MODIS data, the VIIRS instrument has higher spatial resolution and calibration activities, which will provide more ocean color products in future.
• Laboratory studies on the effect of tidal current on wave propagation and nonlinear characteristics of reef coasts

  KUANG Min, YAO Yu, QIU Yichen, YANG Xiaoxiao, JIANG Changbo

  2024, 46(1): 31-37. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.004

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The wave transformation and the nonlinear characteristics along the coral reef coasts with the effect of tidal current were determined through laboratory experiments. The cross-reef variations of water surface time series, wave height, mean water level, wave nonlinear parameters and higher harmonic waves with both shoreward and seaward currents with and without the effect of tidal current are analyzed. Results showed that the presence of shoreward current causes a forward shift of wave phase on the reef flat while the seaward current leads to a phase lag. With the influence of the shoreward (seaward) current, the wave breaking point moved shoreward (seaward). The transmitted wave height on the reef flat with the shoreward current was larger than that with the seaward current while the mean water level was lower than that with the seaward current. The wave skewness amplitude and wave asymmetry amplitude on the reef flat increased and decreased with the shoreward (seaward) current, respectively, in comparison with the those without the current. The Ursell number increased as the flow direction varies from the seaward side to the shoreward side. Near the reef edge, the seaward current promoted the generation of the high harmonics while the shoreward current reduced the high harmonics. The attenuation of the higher harmonics on the reef flat was the largest in the presence of seaward current, and was the smallest when the shoreward current exists.
• Evaluation of FYV3C/VIRR thermal infrared channel calibration in the Arctic

  LI Zhuomin, GUAN Lei

  2024, 46(1): 38-46. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.005

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Sea surface temperature (SST) in the Arctic can control the growth of sea ice, the melting of ice and snow, and the exchange of surface atmosphere energy. Global temperature changes are amplified in the Arctic. Therefore, monitoring Arctic SST is important for studying global climate change. The brightness temperature of the thermal infrared channel of the satellite sensor can be used to retrieve SST, and its accuracy plays a vital role in the accuracy of SST. This paper took the Arctic as research area to evaluate the calibration accuracy of the Visible and Infrared Scanning Radiometer (VIRR) thermal infrared channels (11μm and 12μm channels) mounted on the FY-3C satellite. The reference sensor was Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Because the spectrum of VIRR and MODIS are different, this paper used the atmospheric radiation transfer model MODTRAN (MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission) to calculate the simulated brightness temperature of VIRR and MODIS. The sea surface parameters and atmospheric parameters, the sea surface emissivity, the satellite zenith angle and the spectral response curve corresponding to the two channels of VIRR and MODIS were input into MODTRAN to obtain the simulated brightness temperature, and then the spectral difference of VIRR and MODIS was obtained. Based on the difference of observed brightness temperature and spectral difference, the average deviation of the 11μm channel was -0.41K, the standard deviation was 0.26K, the average deviation of the 12μm was -0.47K and the standard deviation was 0.30K during the day. The average deviation of the 11μm channel was -0.35K, the standard deviation was 0.21K, the average deviation of the 12μm channel was -0.44K, and the standard deviation was 0.22K at night. It showed that the calibration accuracy of VIRR thermal infrared channel was high in the Arctic.
• Extremesea condition element estimation of binomial-generalized Pareto compound model

  QIU Yue, PANG Liang, DONG Sheng

  2024, 46(1): 47-52. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.006

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Based on the compound extreme value distribution theory, binomial-generalized Pareto compound extreme value distribution model based on short-term observation samples was constructed and applied to the prediction of extreme sea condition elements. The results showed that the binomial-generalized Pareto compound extreme value distribution model had good fitting effect, could reasonably reflect the long-term probability distribution characteristics of extreme sea conditions and made up for the defect of traditional methods need long-term raw sea condition data. The simulation results were similar with the results using long-time data, the Gumbel model and the lognormal model, and had strong applicability in the prediction of wave height.
• Analysis of local damage caused by deep-sea risers collision

  QIU Siqi, LI Xiaomin, GUO Haiyan

  2024, 46(1): 53-61. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.007

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  In order to research the influence of deep-sea risers' local damage caused by collision, the fluid structure interaction(FSI) model with the methods of ALE by the finite element software LS-DYNA was built. The accuracy of model was verified. At the same time the differences of the results of colliding damage with the varied boundary conditions was considered. Then the time history analysis of effective stress and dent damage on account of risers collision with distinct velocities, angles and axial tension were also considered. The results showed that the fluid had a degree of buffering effect on the collision, and the value of effective stress and dent damage caused by colliding in the condition of coupling were less than non-coupling value. In the case of low speed and small angle, the damage of risers collision influenced by the change of angle was more obvious than that influenced by the change of speed. The axial force had little influence for dent damage, and there was a region where had a negative correlation between effective stress and axial tension.
• An analysis of genetic diversity of wild and bred Cyprinus carpio in Tianjin area

  LIU Xiaolian, HAO Shuang, LI Nan, SONG Limin, YANG Jun, MA Lin, DAI Yuanyuan, WU Huimin

  2024, 46(1): 62-67. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.008

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Genetic diversity and variation of two wild Cyprinus carpio populations (Zhouhe carp and Chaobaihe carp) and one selected population (C. carpio var. FFRC 2# were assessed) using 12 microsatellite markers. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 21 among three populations. The average effective allele number varied between 2.969 6 and 8.916 0. The average expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.636 7 to 0.882 5. The average observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.675 9 to 0.790 6. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) varied between 0.573 2 and 0.872 7 with the highest PIC ＞0.5). The pairwise genetic differentiation index was 0.158 8 and 0.210 4 in the wild and the selected populations, respectively, indicating that the three populations genetically differentiated significantly. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) detected a high genetic variation among individuals (86.38%) while variation among populations explained 13.62% of the total. The UPGMA phylogenetic tree based on Nei's distance demonstrated that the Zhouhe carp and the Chaobaihe carp are closely related, and two populations of the wild carp had far relationship to the selected population. Overall, genetic variation among wild populations and selected population was significant. The selected population had a pure genetic germplasm while the wild populations had a high genetic diversity and potential for further selective breeding.
• Study on the influence of element existence morphology on geochemical sensitivity index

  ZHANG Xiaoyi, LUAN Yongxia, YAN Ni, ZHENG Xilai, MENG Chunxia

  2024, 46(1): 68-75. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.009

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Geochemical sensitivity index is an important index to reflect the sensitivity of groundwater system to human activities and natural environment in a region. The geochemical susceptivity index (GSI) is the basis of geochemical susceptibility quantification. In the traditional method, the total amount of elements is directly substituted into the calculation when calculating GSI. The influence of element forms on mineral precipitation and dissolution is ignored, which will lead to inaccurate calculation results. In order to avoid such situation, an improved GSI calculation method was proposed in this paper. The improved method considered the existence forms of elements separately in the calculation process and was applied to the Huangshui river. The results showed that the complexation group would affect the judgment of the geochemical sensitivity index. The improved method took into account the different forms of elements. The presence of abundant forms of C, Mg and S had the greatest influence on the calculation results. This improved method took into account the existing forms of elements, which could improve the accuracy of GSI calculation and advance the quantitative study of geochemical sensitivity.
• Relationship between sea surface temperature and spatio-temporal distribution of fishing ground of Dosidicus gigas in equatorial and Peruvian waters

  ZHANG Yanjing, YU Wei, FANG Xingnan

  2024, 46(1): 76-83. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.010

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Dosidicus gigas is widely distributed in eastern Pacific Ocean. It is an important fishing target for Chinese squid-jigging vessels. The fishing grounds of D. gigas are vulnerable to climate change and marine environment, and the impacts exhibited significant geographical variations. Based on the fisheries data from 2012 to 2018 in southeastern Pacific Ocean as well as sea surface temperature (SST), in this study, we compared and analyzed the difference in the impacts of water temperature on the fishing grounds in equatorial and Peruvian waters. The results showed that the suitable SST range for D. gigas on the fishing ground in equatorial and Peruvian waters has a significant variation. In December, the suitable SST range on the fishing grounds in equatorial and Peruvian waters is from 23 to 24 ℃ and from 20 to 21 ℃, respectively. In January, the suitable SST is 23 ℃ and ranges from 21 to 23 ℃, respectively, in these waters. In February, the suitable SST ranges from 24 to 25 ℃ and from 23 to 24 ℃, respectively, in these waters. In addition, the Niño 3.4 index was positively correlated with SST significantly on the two fishing grounds. However, the variations in SST off Peru lagged with climate variability. Furthermore, the La Niña events play important roles in regulating SST on the fishing ground of D. gigas. During La Niña years, the SST on the fishing ground significantly decreased in equatorial and Peruvian waters, but the suitable SST range for D. gigas dramatically enlarged, fishing effort at different longitude and latitude clearly increased, and the fishing ground extensively distributed and relatively dispersed to the normal climate conditions.
• A preliminary study on the ecological culture mode of juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus

  LI Yinkang, BAO Yuyuan, ZHONG Jinxiang, CHEN Xiaohai, LI Junwei, XIE Xiaoyong

  2024, 46(1): 84-89. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.011

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Tachypleus tridentatus is listed as the endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List. Artificial breeding of horseshoe crabs and selection of suitable areas for multiplication and release are the effective way of restoring horseshoe crab resources. However, the survival rate of single species of juvenile horseshoe crabs is low. In order to explore new methods of improving the artificial breeding of juvenile horseshoe crabs, we carried out an ecological breeding experiment of juvenile T. tridentatus by using the Babylonia areolate breeding system. The results showed that the ecological breeding model of juvenile T. tridentatus significantly improved the survival rate of juvenile horseshoe crabs and promoted the growth and development of the juvenile horseshoe crab population. After nine months of breeding, more than 90% of juvenile horseshoe crabs in ecological breeding ponds are three instars old and above while more than half of juvenile horseshoe crabs in monoculture ponds are still stagnant at one instar old. There was no significant difference in the survival rate and economic benefits of Babylonia areolate in monoculture ponds and ecological culture ponds. The experiments have shown that the ecological breeding model of juvenile T. tridentatus can effectively increase the growth rate and survival rate of juvenile horseshoe crabs without affecting the economic benefits of Babylonia areolate breeding.
• A functional analysis of the haemocyte phagocytosis of clam Ruditapes philippinarum

  LIU Jing, ZHAI Bing, XU Tao, HUANG Xiaoli, LIU Dong, HU Fawen

  2024, 46(1): 90-97. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.012

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The immune system of Ruditapes philippinarum is non-specific, and the haemocytes play an important role in its immune defense. In this study, the morphology and structure of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio anguillarum were observed under scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and then the phagocytosis of haemocytes on these bacteria was compared and observed under light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that E. coli was rod-shaped, with an average size of 1.6×0.6 μm; S. aureus was spherical in shape, with an average size of 1.3×1.1 μm, and arranged in a grape string; V. anguillarum was arc-shaped, with a single slender polar flagellum, the average size was 1.3×0.7 μm, and the average flagellum length was 4.5 μm. The phagocytosis rate of E. coli, S. aureus and V. anguillarum was 38.7%, 30.0% and 24.4%, respectively. TEM observation found that the haemocytes can adhere and wrap the bacteria through filopodia, lamellipodia, or directly with the plasma membrane, and the phagocytized bacteria can be digested by lysosomes. It was also found that the ultrastructure of the haemocytes did not damage after phagocytosis of E. coli and S. aureus while after phagocytosis of V. anguillarum, the haemocytes ultrastructures were obviously damaged, and the apoptosis or death of the haemocytes occurred. We concluded that the difference of phagocytosis of R. philippinarum haemocytes to three kinds of bacteria was related to the size, aggregation degree and pathogenicity of the bacteria.
• Research Report
• Assessing the influence of soil spatial variability on water leakage and dissolved organic nitrogen leaching through simulation

  HAO Yujie, Luan Yongxia, ZHENG Xilai, ZHENG Tianyuan, NENG Hui

  2024, 46(1): 98-108. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.013

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The processes of transportation and transformation of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in soil were simulated in this paper using the COMSOL software. The influence of spatial variability of soil initial state and soil hydraulic parameters on water leakage and DON leaching were investigated using the local sensitivity analysis and global sensitivity analysis. The results indicated that the soil water leakage was positively correlated with soil initial matrix potential and the soil DON leaching was positively correlated with soil initial matrix potential and DON initial content. For the clay with a low spatial variability, the uncertainty of soil water leakage was mainly caused by the spatial variability of saturated water conductivity and saturated water content while it was mainly caused by the spatial variability of saturated water conductivity when the spatial variability of soil reached a medium level. The DON leaching was more sensitive to the fluctuations of the saturated water conductivity at different degrees of spatial variability. For large-scale coastal areas, the degree of water leakage and DON leaching was the same in most regions for the region with a low spatial variability while the spatial distribution of soil water leakage and the DON leaching would be more uneven. Substantial water and nitrogen leaching would occur in some areas for the region with a medium spatial variability. Considering the characteristics of soil spatial variation in water and nitrogen management is helpful to reduce the loss of soil nutrients and then reduce the risk of the DON leaching to groundwater.
• Efficiency and influencing factors of land-based pollution control in the East China Sea based on three-stage DEA Tobit model

  LI Qianghua, HUA Yue

  2024, 46(1): 109-117. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.014

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Based on the three-stage DEA model, the efficiency of land-based pollution control in the East China Sea from 2008 to 2019 was explored, and the Tobit model was established to analyze the influencing factors. The results showed that: after excluding the influence of environmental factors and random noise, the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency had increased, while the comprehensive technical efficiency had decreased. Low scale efficiency led to low governance efficiency. The scale of marine economy and the number of large and medium-sized high-tech enterprises had a significant positive correlation with the efficiency of land-based pollution control. The composition of marine talents and the investment in environmental protection had a negative impact on land-based pollution control. In order to improve the efficiency of land-based pollution control in the East China Sea, the scale of pollution control should be expanded to form economies of scale. Investment in marine pollution control and optimization of fund allocation structure should be planned reasonably. Strengthen efforts should be made to build a contingent of marine talents and to raise the awareness of marine protection.
• Characterization of autumn tide of Jingu River Estuary, Qinzhou

  LIN Daokuan, CUI Liwei, LEI Xuetie, YANG Na

  2024, 46(1): 118-123. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.015

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  With the method of quasi-harmonic analysis of short-term tidal current, we characterized the autumn tide of Jingu River estuary, Qinzhou, using the 25-hour synchronized tidal current data collected at six offshore stations in Sept. 2020. During the observation period, the maximum surge tidal current velocity was 0.55 m/s, and the maximum ebb tidal current velocity was 0.52 m/s. The flow direction was from NNE to SSW. The observed tidal current in the sea area was diurnal, the ellipticity K′ value of O₁ and P₁ tidal current was small, and the characteristics of the reciprocating current was obvious. The residual current velocity each observation station varied between 2.7 and 6.5 cm/s. The current flowed mainly from SE to SW, indicating that the material transport in this area was from the Jingu River to the open sea. The Jingu River tide accounted for only 5% of the Qinzhou Bay.
• Distribution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in surface water of the Manas river basin

  TIAN Bingbing, LIU Fengyu, LAI Zhiqing, WANG Junqi, GONG Shuyi, LI Min, TONG Yanbin

  2024, 46(1): 124-133. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.016

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  To better understand the characteristics of heavy metals in the surface water of the Manas river basin, eight heavy metal elements, i.e., Zn, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd and Hg, were analyzed. These elements were subjected to various water health risk assessment models and methods, including the single-factor pollution index and the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index which help assess the pollution status, potential risks and possible sources of heavy metals in water bodies. Results revealed that the level of heavy metal content in the study area followed the order Zn>As>Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd>Hg. Moreover, the heavy metal pollution level in the entire Manas river basin was observed to be low, and the carcinogenic heavy metals Cr, As and Cd were the main water pollutants in the basin. The pollution of Cd, Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn in the Manas river basin was attributed to human sources in aquaculture, agriculture and industrial industries, which were prevalent in the basin. Further, the pollution of As was attributed to the natural sources of soil-forming parent materials.
• Seasonal changes of phytoplankton community structure and its influencing factors in waters adjacent to Huanghua port

  LIU Dong, LV Zhenbo, WANG Tiantian, ZHANG Jingjing, REN Zhonghua, GAO Yanjie, WANG Yibin, ZHENG Liang

  2024, 46(1): 134-143. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.017

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  To understand the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of Huanghua Port phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors using the net-phytoplankton and environmental factor data collected during four cruises in Feb. (winter), May (spring), Aug. (summer) and Nov. (autumn) in 2014, the relative importance index (IRI), Shannon-Winner index (H′), Pielou index (J′) and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to evaluate the species composition, dominance and community structure of the phytoplankton. In 2014, 82 species of phytoplankton in 32 genera, 3 phyla, were collected in Huanghua Port. The most species were detected in summer, 50 species in 25 genera, 2 phyla, which were followed by 40 species, 14 genera, 2 phyla in autumn, 34 species, 18 genera, 1 phyla in winter, and 24 species 14 genera, 3 phyla in spring. The phytoplankton were mainly those in Bacillariophyta while those in Pyrrophyta and Cyanophyta were relatively less abundant. The phytoplankton abundance varied seasonally, the highest in summer, which was followed by that in autumn, the lowest in winter and spring. The phytoplankton community of four cruises displayed low community diversity and evenness. In autumn, the dominant specie was Rhizosolenia alata while many phytoplankton species coexisted in spring, summer and winter. The succession of dominant species was obvious in different seasons. RDA analysis showed that different phytoplankton species response to different environmental factors, causing the community different seasonally. It was found that in winter the main factors influencing annual spatial temporal variation of phytoplankton were dissolved oxygen, temperature and phosphate in winter, the temperature and salinity in spring, salinity in summer, and dissolved oxygen and salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen in autumn. The results provided the basic data for deep understanding the structure and function of the marine ecosystem.
• The Statistic for dissolved oxygen data of BGC-Argo

  ZHANG Chunling, ZHU Jianggang, SU Han, CHENG Lingqiao, HU Song

  2024, 46(1): 144-150. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.018

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  International BGC-Argo, which has been implemented officially since October,2016, is the first project that have the capability to monitor the global biogeochemistry. Therefore, understanding the number of its observation, the characteristics and the distribution of the data is very helpful for the subsequent use fully to improve our cognition on ocean acidification, marine carbon cycle as well as hypoxic zone variation, which influence the health of marine ecosystem significantly. In this paper, systematic statistics were made about the number and distribution of Argo dissolved oxygen data, the types of buoy data and the density of the data in the global ocean as well as several experimental areas. The results showed that until the end of 2019, the total number of dissolved oxygen profiles, which were acquired by BGC-Argo buoys in global ocean, accumulated to 1 hundred and 70 thousand and was increasing by 10 thousand per year. The spatial distribution of dissolved oxygen observation data was uneven. Only 36.8% of global grid points met the analysis need of spatial resolution of 1 degree objectively, and this kind of data which met the resolution need was more observed in five experimental areas.
• Effect of aeration disturbance on humus in sediment of black and odorous water body

  WANG Li, LI Tingting, JIANG Huiyuan, LIU Mengshuo

  2024, 46(1): 151-158. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.019

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Taking rural black and odorous water body as the research object, the effects of different aeration treatment methods on the content of humus components in sediments were studied by combining three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (EEMs), uV-VIS and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the spectral characteristics of humus were discussed under different aeration methods. The results showed that compared with the control group, the content of fulic acid decreased, the content of humic acid and humacin increased, the total humus content increased by 0.99~2.34 g/kg, and the PQ value (humus index) increased by 4.08%~7.82%, reflecting the increase of lake productivity, the increase of biomass in the system and the accumulation of humus after aeration. After the aeration treatment, the fluorescence characteristic peak and the ultraviolet absorption peak intensity were reduced, and the infrared spectral absorption peak intensity was increased. After aeration treatment, the intensity of fluorescence characteristic peak and ultraviolet absorption peak decreased, while the intensity of infrared absorption peak increased. After sludge aeration treatment, the intensity of six infrared absorption peaks increased, which were higher than those of water aeration group.
• Distribution characteristics and source analysis of beach litter of Weihai, Shandong province

  ZHANG Changwei, XU Yandong, ZHU Jinlong, SUN Wei, LI Huanjun, WEI Xiao, WANG Han, NIE Chaohui, YOU Liping

  2024, 46(1): 159-166. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.020

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  In recent years, marine litter pollution has received continuous attention from the public. In order to explore the pollution status and main sources of beach litter in Weihai, this article was based on the survey data of six beach litter sections in Weihai, then grasped the species, abundance and distribution characteristics of beach litter, and analyzed its source and temporal changes. The results showed that in 2020, the average quantity density of beach litter in Weihai was about 151,800 items/km², with the most being plastic litter (73.93%), and the average mass density was about 259.38kg/km², with the largest proportion of beach litter being the plastics (59.68%). The beach litter in Weihai was overall characterized by large quantity and light weight. Approximately 79.38% of the beach litter came from the human activities on land such as recreation and leisure, while 20.62% of beach litter came from production activities such as marine fishery and breeding Current statistics showed that the abundance of beach litter in Weihai was not only lower than the average level of beach litter in Rizhao and Shenzhen, but also lower than the abundance level of beach litter in different parts of the world, such as the Eastern Mediterranean Turkey and Croatia.
• Assessment of the damage value of Ulva prolifera green tide of Aoshan Bay, Qingdao

  MA Caihua, SHANG Jing, MA Weiwei, YOU Kui

  2024, 46(1): 167-175. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.021

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The green tides caused by Ulva prolifera have appeared in Qingdao for many years, causing different degrees of impact on coastal residents′ life, production and ecological environment. In this paper, we intended to take the U. prolifera in Aoshan Bay as the researching object, and adopted the research and empirical methods to evaluate the loss value. Using the index system method, the calculated the total loss value was 157.4336 million RMB yuan, of which the loss of aquaculture, biological resource, ecological service and emergency disposal costs were 68.64 million RMB yuan, 1.0509 million RMB yuan, 83.9885 million RMB yuan and 3.7542 million RMB yuan, respectively. The research results provided the reference standards for subsequent ecological compensation for relevant stakeholders, and also laid the theoretical foundation for better ecological civilization construction and achieving harmony between human and nature.
• Studies on the developing stages of the watershed landform in Chaiwen River captured area

  JIANG Jinfei, CHU Zhongxin, ZHU Xiaojie, SUN Jiagao, YU Guangke, JIANG Yue, GAO Yuhua

  2024, 46(1): 176-181. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.022

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  Based on the digital elevation model and the spatial analysis techniques, in this paper, we studied the watershed landforms in the area of Chaiwen River in Yiyuan, Shandong Province, and divided the developing stages of the watershed landforms. Egou and Dazhangzhuang River are the head of Chaiwen River and Yihe River, respectively. Their water system fractal dimension, hypsometric index and geomorphic information entropy were calculated, and the geomorphologic development stages were divided. It is believed that the result of hypsometric index and geomorphic information entropy is more correct. The Egou River basin is now at the mature stage of geomorphologic development, and the Dazhangzhuang River basin is now at the old stage. River capture event enhanced the erosion ability of Egou and weakened the erosion ability of Dazhangzhuang River.
• Research Review
• Spatial and temporal patterns of synergistic development of high-quality marine economic development and marine ecological security in three major marine economic circles of China

  GUAN Hongjun, NI Ran

  2024, 46(1): 182-190. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.023

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The “14th Five-Year Plan” emphasizes that the development level of the three major ocean economic spheres should be comprehensively improved to achieve balanced development of the whole ocean area. Promoting the high-quality development of marine economy and marine ecological security in the three major marine economic circles, and narrowing the gap between the coordinated development of the regions are the key link to promoting the model of marine strongholds to the model of comprehensive and balanced development of the regions. This paper examines the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the spatial correlation patterns and the degree of synergistic promotion of MHQ and MES in China′s three major marine economic circles using the coupled coordination degree model and spatial auto correlation analysis. It is found that: (1) The level of coupling and coordination between the two systems has been fluctuating and increasing, and the whole area is in the transition stage from the decline of disorder to the primary coordinated development. (2) There is a significant unbalanced development trend in the level of synergistic development of the “three circles”, and the overall spatial distribution shows a pattern of “East > North > South”. (3) The spatial correlation of the coupling and coordination degree is significant, and the correlation degree increases and then decreases over time; the spatial correlation pattern of the coupling and coordination degree shows certain spatial clustering characteristics.
• Progresses of environmental factor basing fishy stock assessments

  LU Hongyue, ZHANG Chang, CHEN Xinjun

  2024, 46(1): 191-199. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.024

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The sustainable use of fishery resources is an important topic of concern among scholars around the world, and the scientific assessment of fishery resources is a necessary condition for sustainable development. Biotic factors and abiotic factors are important causes of changes in the amount of fisheries resources. In resource assessment and management, most of the work ignores the impact of abiotic factors on resource changes. Poulation are sensitive to environmental changes, especially in the early life history stage. The environment not only affects the growth and development of a species, but also strongly affects theirdistribution and migration, which has an impact on the abundance of fishery resources. Failure to consider environmental effects in the assessment also increases the risk of inaccurate assessment results. In this study, we comprehensively summarized the fishery resource assessment model with environmental factors, the relationship between environmental factors and model parameters in the assessment model, and the application of the model. We believe that developing a fishery resource assessment model based on environmental factors should incorporate climate-driven environmental changes into the resource assessment to ensure that the assessment and management of fishery resources can adapt to climate and environmental changes and provide a scientific basis for the sustainable resources utilization.
• Research on intergovernmental coordination of land-based pollution in the Bohai Sea area

  ZHENG Jianming, QIAN Yixin, LIU Tianzuo, HU Min

  2024, 46(1): 200-209. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.025

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The industries in the Bohai rim region are intensive, and heavy industries in coastal provinces and cities are gathering. Land-based pollution has become one of the important factors for the marine environmental pollution in the Bohai Sea. In the aspect of the restoration of marine environmental pollution in the Bohai Sea, the cooperation of the local governments of the Bohai Sea is crucial for the control of land-based pollution in the Bohai Sea. At present, the local governments in the Bohai rim have mainly problems such as inter-governmental coordinated governance motives and regional development differences, local government governance models and marine pollution attributes incompatibility, inter-governmental coordination concepts and local interests. In response to the above problems, the author proposes to cultivate the synergy awareness of the local governments of the Bohai rim, to improve the collaborative governance system, and to improve the coordinated governance mechanism from the perspective of inter-provincial synergy and synergy mechanism with a view to achieving inter-governmental coordinated governance of land-based pollution in the Bohai rim.
• Research progress on thermal discharge and liquid effluent from coastal nuclear power plants in China

  LIN Yanping, WANG Wei, TONG Zhongshan, LIU Yuxuan

  2024, 46(1): 210-216. https://doi.org/10.13984/j.cnki.cn37-1141.2024.01.026

  Abstract ( ) PDF ( )

  The underwater topography and hydrodynamic conditions of the coastal nuclear power plant area are complex and changeable, and the transport and diffusion of thermal discharge and liquid effluent are affected by the current flow and temperature difference reflow. This paper briefly introduced the research methods of thermal discharge and liquid effluent of coastal nuclear power plants in China. The research methods such as theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, physical testing, prototype observation and post-evaluation were systematically reviewed.The research progress of various research methods was given, and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed. Combined with the respective characteristics of the mathematical model and physical model of thermal discharge and the actual operation of the project, it is preliminarily discussed that the physical model and mathematical simulation should be combined and complement each other. The physical model should be used to simulate its hydraulic and thermal characteristics in the sea area near the drainage outlet, and the numerical calculation should be used in the distant sea area. In order to further improve the safety of the project and to meet the protection requirements of the ecological environment, the work of prototype observation and post-engineering evaluation should be strengthened.